Effect of Gender Role Stereotypes of Mock Jurors and gender of defendant on the Punitive Judgments of a Spouse Insurance Homicide Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
Yu Jin Kim ◽  
Min Chi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Mock Jurors ◽  
Gender Role Stereotypes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Homicide Case

The Influence of Sport Appropriateness and Image on the Status of Female Athletes

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda A. Riemer ◽  
Deborah L. Feltz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Basketball Player ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gender Role Stereotypes ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stereotyped visual images (pictures) on the friendship status ranking of females in “gender-appropriate” and “gender-inappropriate” sports. The study employed a 2×2×3 (sex × sport × image) ANOVA between subjects design, with tennis and basketball being the “appropriate” and “inappropriate” sports chosen respectively. The visual image was manipulated by having a picture of a stereotypical feminine female versus a stereotypical androgynous female. The control group did not have a visual image. We hypothesized that image would interact with sport appropriateness such that the feminine image would enhance the friendship status of the hypothetical basketball player; whereas the androgynous image would lower the hypothetical tennis player’s status. A “sex-byimage” interaction as well as a “sex-by-sport” trend supported the hypothesis for males; males used the perceived femininity/androgyny stereotype to influence their decision about friendship status.Over the last two decades, women’s active involvement in sport has increased. For example, since the 1972 passage of Title IX, participation has increased by over 600% for girls in interscholastic school programs (Boutilier & SanGiovanni, 1983). Despite an increase in the sport opportunities available to women, stereotypes about what is socially appropriate influence how females in sport are perceived. Gender-role stereotypes have been identified as some of the influencing factors in the perception of appropriate sports for males and females (Metheny, 1965) and in one’s social status (Coleman, 1961). Avariable which may enhance the perception of appropriate sports for males and females is the addition of a visual image. Duncan & Sayaovong (1990) have suggested that visual images have the ability to reinforce or contradict gender-role stereotypes. The purpose of this study was to determine how visual images may affect the perceived status of female high school athletes in “gender-appropriate” and “gender-inappropriate” sports.

scholarly journals Gender role stereotypes and frames used by advertisers between portrayals of women, men, and non-binary individuals in Facebook advertising

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lindsey Howard
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Television Advertising ◽  
Gender Role Stereotypes ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Facebook Advertising ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study is to investigate the gender role stereotypes and framing effects in online digital advertisements. The literature review provides information about Framing theory and gender role stereotypes of women, men, and non-binary individuals portrayed in online advertisements as a means to push for further research in the field of online digital advertising. The effectiveness of Facebook for businesses will also be discussed in the literature review. Prior completed studies are referenced to show both framing as a theory and gender role stereotypes as broad enough to effect online advertising as it does print or television advertising. The predominant results show that gender role stereotypes in digital advertising have improved over time as the social atmosphere has began to equalize between the genders. Engagement metrics are also studied to determine if engagement (i.e. views) is increased for posts using traditional stereotypes. This leads to the need for further research of these gender role stereotypes and frames in the online medium of advertising to better understand what effects it may have on consumers.

The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Troche ◽  
Nina Weber ◽  
Karina Hennigs ◽  
Carl-René Andresen ◽  
Thomas H. Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

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