Identification of Risk Psychosocial Factors as Predictors of Loneliness of Elderly in Nursing Homes During Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 Pandemic

The elderly is at bigger risk for getting COVID-19 virus, and a particularly vulnerable group are people placed in homes for the elderly and frail. The aims of the study were: (1) to examine differences in the respondent’s experiences of social isolation, loneliness and perception of social support, (2) to examine correlations between the dimensions of social isolation and the experience of social support with the experience of loneliness, and (3) to examine whether dimensions of social isolation and perceived social support are risky psychosocial significant predictors of loneliness. The cross-sectional study was conducted on 98 participants from three nursing homes in Croatia, EU. It used Social Provision Scale, the short- form Loneliness Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The results indicate that people who are single are lonelier, and if they do not have descendants are less likely to contact their family and at the same time they report a weaker social support experience. Loneliness is a statistically positive thing with a social provision dimension, information availability, and a significant negative correlation with the experience of social support. The dimensions of social provision, access to information and perceptions of social support contribute to the experience of loneliness. The constant exposure to negative information about the pandemic, the insecurity and anxiety of the people who communicate with them, make the users of homes for the elderly and infirm even more vulnerable to the development of loneliness.

Social Security: The Career of a Contested Social Idea in China During the Reform Era, 1978–2020

The idea of “social security” in the reform-era China characterises the changing collective perception of social questions and the shifting state’s responsibility for social provision. In the 1980s, when welfare retrenchment started in the name of “socialising welfare”, “social security” experienced substantive contestation. The first semantic turn took place during the 1990s when the state resumed its commitment to social policy. Thereafter, “social security” underwent yet another semantic shift to “social governance” under the Xi-Li leadership. “Social security” has become part of the grandiose, statist project to promote the rise of the Chinese nation on the global stage. Given the unchecked predominance of the state in all societal domains, the very nature of “social security” remains contested—and its meaning transitory—in the Chinese context.

Validation of the Social Provision Scale with Indonesian Student Sample: A Rasch Model Approach

The condition of Indonesia is currently being faced by the corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic 2019. The importance of solutions related to the existence of the role of teachers or educators to provide references such as social support to students in learning and teaching activities from home, this study conducted to provide research tools or instruments that can be used by educators or researchers by testing the validity of a social support construct (Social Provision Scale) measuring instrument using the Rasch Model. Although much has been done to test the validity of the Social Provision Scale, no one has examined it by involving social support in the context of Education. Likewise, the majority of research on social support uses confirmatory factor analysis, and no one has used the Rasch Model in validating the Social Provision Scale instrument, especially in Indonesia. The data used are secondary data from Putra of 326 people in SMA Negeri 29 South Jakarta using cluster sampling. The results of the application of the Rasch Rating Scale model show that the psychometric characteristics of the Social Provision Scale are very good and precise, as well as the compatibility of the items to the model. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

DUKUNGAN SOSIAL TEMAN SEBAYA DAN SELF-EFFICACY DALAM PENYESUAIAN DIRI SANTRI BARU

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dukungan sosial teman sebaya dan self-efficacy terhadap penyesuaian diri santri baru di pondok pesantren. Pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan menggunakan non probability sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari Psychological Adjustment Scale (PAS), yang dikembangkan oleh Haber dan Runyon (dalam Mahmood dkk., 2015), The Social Provision Scale (SPS) yang dikembangkan oleh Cutrona dan Russel (1987), dan General Self-Efficacy Scale 12 (GSES-12), yang dikembangkan oleh Bosscher dan Smit (1998). Uji validitas alat ukur menggunakan teknik Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) dan teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan dukungan sosial teman sebaya dan self-efficacy terhadap penyesuaian diri sebesar 35.4%. Artinya, proporsi varians dari penyesuaian diri yang dijelaskan secara bersama-sama oleh dukungan sosial teman sebaya dan self-efficacy adalah sebesar 35.4% sementara 64.6% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian ini.