Smartphone Application for Diabetes in Indonesia: A Narrative Review

In 2017, Indonesia was ranked sixth in the top ten countries with the highest diabetes cases. The prevalence is expected to continue increasing. The use of Smartphone applications is one of the alternative methods in promoting better disease management and preventing diabetes. The purpose of this review is to identify existing studies regarding Smartphone applications for diabetes in Indonesia and to highlight the important findings. There are only a few original clinical studies about Smartphone applications for diabetes in Indonesia. A total of 5 studies were reviewed here. There are the Nutri Diabetic Care, the Teman DM, the DM Calendar App, the E-diary DM, and the Salam Sehat. The study was conducted on several respondents with the use of short-term applications and using the variable method. Nevertheless, the studies found that Smartphone applications for diabetes can be beneficial for improving self-care, self-efficacy, increased knowledge, and medication and diet compliance among diabetic patients in Indonesia. The information and utility criteria for diabetes application which should be relevant to clinical guidelines are not discussed. The implementation of Smartphone applications for diabetes is suitable for Indonesian condition. The best application with the right information, utility, and supported by clinical studies is suggested as a complement to the diabetes management by a health professional.

A General Framework Information Loss of Utility-Based Anonymization in Data Publishing

To build anonymization, the data anonymizer must determine the following three issues: Firstly, which data to be preserved? Secondly, which adversary background knowledge used to disclosure the anonymized data? Thirdly, The usage of the anonymized data? We have different anonymization techniques from the previous three-question according to different adversary background knowledge and information usage (information utility). In other words, different anonymization techniques lead to different information loss. In this paper, we propose a general framework for the utility-based anonymization to minimize the information loss in data published with a trade-off grantee of achieving the required privacy level.

The effects of information utility and teachers’ knowledge on evaluations of under-informative pedagogy across development

Teaching is a powerful way to transmit knowledge, but with this power comes a hazard: When teachers fail to select the best set of evidence for the learner, learners can be misled to draw inaccurate inferences. Evaluating others' failures as teachers, however, is a nontrivial problem; people may fail to be informative for different reasons, and not all failures are equally blameworthy. How do learners evaluate the quality of teachers, and what factors influence such evaluations? Here, we present a Bayesian model of teacher evaluation that considers the utility of a teacher's pedagogical sampling given their prior knowledge. In Experiment 1 (N=1168), we test the model predictions against adults' evaluations of a teacher who demonstrated all or a subset of the functions on a novel device. Consistent with the model predictions, participants' ratings integrated information about the number of functions taught, their values, as well as how much the teacher knew. Using a modified paradigm for children, Experiments 2 (N=48) and 3 (N=40) found that preschool-aged children (2a, 3) and adults (2b) make nuanced judgments of teacher quality that are well-predicted by the model. However, after an unsuccessful attempt to replicate the results with preschoolers (Experiment 4, N=24), in Experiment 5 (N=24) we further investigate the development of teacher evaluation in a sample of seven- and eight-year-olds. These older children successfully distinguished teachers based on the amount and value of what was demonstrated, and their ability to evaluate omissions relative to the teacher’s knowledge state was related to their tendency to spontaneously reference the teacher's knowledge when explaining their evaluations. In sum, our work illustrates how the human ability to learn from others supports not just learning about the world but also learning about the teachers themselves. By reasoning about others' informativeness, learners can evaluate others' teaching and make better learning decisions.

An analysis of the auditor's opinion criteria in accordance with the principles of financial reporting

Subject. This article deals with the methodological justification of financial reporting criteria based on the present-day concept of financial information utility in the context of the established accounting doctrines. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate a system of criteria for auditing financial statements on the basis of the historically established British and American accounting doctrines. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison, and analogy. Results. Based on an analysis of the provisions of international auditing and accounting standards, background material, scientific papers in the field of auditing, the article defines criteria for auditing financial reporting in the context of accounting doctrines. Conclusions and Relevance. The truth in the audit to be proved is of a regulatory and descriptive character. It is expressed in the form of specific criteria for the validity and fairness of reporting. The results of the study can be used in financial statements audit research.

Communication Behaviors During Presidential Elections

In this study, we use an information utility framework to examine people’s communication behaviors during presidential elections. Data from the National Annenberg Election Study (2004, 2008) and Google Trends (2012, 2016) reveal increases in several communication behaviors (e.g., attention to campaign information, discussing politics, internet searches) closer to Election Day. Moreover, these increases were not uniform throughout the election, with increases concentrated around official campaign events (e.g., presidential conventions and debates). In addition, some evidence showed that people are more likely to engage in communication behaviors in battleground compared to nonbattleground states.

1231 Left atrial septal and lateral wall strains contain different pressure information: Utility in pulmonary hypertension

Funding Acknowledgements South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority Background Reduced left atrial (LA) reservoir strain is a marker of elevated LA pressure. Thus it could be a potential non-invasive marker to differentiate pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) as the latter is defined by elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) > 15 mmHg. However, in pre-capillary PH patients with elevated right atrial pressure (RAP), the atrial septal geometry may be abnormal. This could lead to lower regional LA septal strain, making LA lateral wall strain more accurately reflect PCWP. Purpose We investigated if LA lateral wall strain can differentiate between pre- and post-capillary PH, and how LA lateral wall strain and LA septal strain are both affected by elevated RAP in pre-capillary PH. Furthermore we investigated if LA septal strain can be used in pre-capillary PH patients to identify those with elevated RAP. Methods We analysed 63 patients with PH, 28 pre-capillary and 35 post-capillary, who underwent right heart catheterisation. Echocardiography was performed simultaneously with or within 24 hours of the invasive pressure measurements. Regional LA septal strain and lateral wall strain were measured from the apical four chamber view. Results Pulmonary artery pressure was 39.5 ± 11.1 mmHg (mean ± SD) in the pre-capillary PH patients and 37.0 ± 10.1 mmHg in the post-capillary PH patients (p = ns). Mean PCWP was 9.9 ± 2.5 mmHg and 24.5 ± 6.0 mmHg (p < 0.001), respectively. LA lateral wall strain was significantly lower in patients with post-capillary PH compared to pre-capillary PH (11.9 ± 7.7% vs 26.6 ± 9.9%, p < 0.001) (Fig. a,b). At a cut-off value of 18.0%, LA lateral wall strain could predict elevated PCWP > 15 mmHg with AUC = 0.88, sensitivity = 85.7% and specificity = 76.3%. In the 28 patients with pre-capillary PH, we classified mean RAP ≥ 10 mmHg as elevated and < 10 mmHg as normal. Seven of these patients had elevated RAP and showed significantly reduced LA septal strain compared to the 21 patients with normal RAP (13.0 ± 6.2% vs 22.1 ± 7.6%, p < 0.01). LA lateral wall strain showed no difference in these groups of pre-capillary PH patients (25.8 ± 10.1% vs 28.9 ± 9.4%) (Fig. c). Conclusions LA lateral wall strain can be used for differentiating between pre- and post-capillary PH. In addition, LA septal strain may be used in pre-capillary PH patients to identify those with elevated RAP. Abstract 1231 Figure