scholarly journals The effects of information utility and teachers’ knowledge on evaluations of under-informative pedagogy across development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Bass ◽  
Elizabeth Bonawitz ◽  
Daniel Hawthorne ◽  
Wai Keen Vong ◽  
Noah D. Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Information Utility ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
The World ◽  
Teacher's Knowledge

Teaching is a powerful way to transmit knowledge, but with this power comes a hazard: When teachers fail to select the best set of evidence for the learner, learners can be misled to draw inaccurate inferences. Evaluating others' failures as teachers, however, is a nontrivial problem; people may fail to be informative for different reasons, and not all failures are equally blameworthy. How do learners evaluate the quality of teachers, and what factors influence such evaluations? Here, we present a Bayesian model of teacher evaluation that considers the utility of a teacher's pedagogical sampling given their prior knowledge. In Experiment 1 (N=1168), we test the model predictions against adults' evaluations of a teacher who demonstrated all or a subset of the functions on a novel device. Consistent with the model predictions, participants' ratings integrated information about the number of functions taught, their values, as well as how much the teacher knew. Using a modified paradigm for children, Experiments 2 (N=48) and 3 (N=40) found that preschool-aged children (2a, 3) and adults (2b) make nuanced judgments of teacher quality that are well-predicted by the model. However, after an unsuccessful attempt to replicate the results with preschoolers (Experiment 4, N=24), in Experiment 5 (N=24) we further investigate the development of teacher evaluation in a sample of seven- and eight-year-olds. These older children successfully distinguished teachers based on the amount and value of what was demonstrated, and their ability to evaluate omissions relative to the teacher’s knowledge state was related to their tendency to spontaneously reference the teacher's knowledge when explaining their evaluations. In sum, our work illustrates how the human ability to learn from others supports not just learning about the world but also learning about the teachers themselves. By reasoning about others' informativeness, learners can evaluate others' teaching and make better learning decisions.

scholarly journals La Sensitividad. La Fijación del Estado Visionario

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
María Pilar Rivera Guiral
Keyword(s):  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Scientific Rigor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
Person Account

We believe that the visionary experience is the seed of genuine creation. This is the reason why in this article we explore the human ability to perceive reality in an extraordinary way. Through the first-person account of neuroanatomist Jill Bolte Taylor that suffered a stroke, we discovered that the world might be revealed fluid, vibrant and bright. But above all, we rely on the concept of sensitivity, the ability to see beyond the sensible, that the neuropsychiatrist Shafica Karagulla investigated with scientific rigor. Sensitives are people who have natural gifts to see, colors, fields and energy vortexes, they capture greater wave spectrum, they modify as many vibrations, frames, interconnections and interactions and increased quantity and quality of phenomena. We make a special mention in the savants, sensitive people with amazing talents on one hand, which were often accompanied by dysfunction on the other hand.

scholarly journals THE REGRESSION TOURNAMENT: A NOVEL APPROACH TO PREDICTION MODEL ASSESSMENT

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Adi Schnytzer ◽  
Janez Janez Sustersic
Keyword(s):  
Econometric Models ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Forecasting Models ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Australian Rules Football ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
The World ◽  
Independent Reality

Standard methods to assess the statistical quality of econometric models implicitly assume there is only one person in the world, namely the forecaster with her model(s), and that there exists an objective and independent reality to which the model predictions may be compared. However, on many occasions, the reality with which we compare our predictions and in which we take our actions is co-determined and changed constantly by actions taken by other actors based on their own models. We propose a new method, called a regression tournament, to assess the utility of forecasting models and taking these interactions into account. We present an empirical case of betting on Australian Rules Football matches where the most accurate predictive model does not yield the highest betting return, or, in our terms, does not win a regression tournament.

L'autoritratto. Identitŕ e travisamento

GRUPPI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Giacomo Di Marco
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Art History ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shed Light

- Through the examination of various portraits and self-portraits produced in various periods, the author attempts to make use of the world of art to shed light on problems and difficulties that arise in clinical psychopathological practice. Reflecting upon the meaning of portrayal and self-portrayal in art history is highly analogous to the difficulties encountered in meetings with psychopathological patients; concisely speaking, the dilemma is how to objectify the subjective. The difficulty in the diagnostic process lies precisely in the dilemma - intrinsic to psychiatry - of how to objectify the subjective. Therefore, making a diagnosis often results in reifying and alienating the uniqueness and singularity of the individual. The dilemma that plagues psychiatry arises again and again: how can the subjective be objectified without losing its quality of subjectivity? Artistic creativity corresponds to - or imitates - mental creation as a human ability to shape the shapeless, to give shape to chaos without denying that chaos itself is the source of every shape.Key words: subjectivity, psychopathology, art, diagnostic procedure, creativity, identity.Parole chiave: soggettivitŕ, psicopatologia, arte, processo diagnostico, creativitŕ, identitŕ.

scholarly journals A Multinational Study of the Determinants of Student Achievement in Mathematics and Science: Policy Options for Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulab Khan
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
International Student Assessment ◽  
The World ◽  
Mathematics And Science

Enhancing quality of learning for students has remained a primary target of states and economies around the world. Education systems around the world consider student test scores as objective measures (though with limited explanatory power) to determine the “quality” of student learning. Various strategies are adopted to enhance this matric. One tool that schools use to improve student achievement in the form of test scores has been teacher evaluation. In recent decades, teacher evaluation has come into the spotlight around the world in the current policy debates, reforms, and policy analyses. Therefore, as a significant contribution to the current policy environment, this study explores determinants of student achievement by analyzing data on student background, school traits, teacher evaluation, and country traits. It employs a robust dataset using two surveys i.e., Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009 and Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2008. Using Ordinary Least Squares as the analytic model, the study explores relationships between test scores in Mathematics and Science and determinants of student achievement at student, school, and country levels. The study finds mixed results for developmental and high-stakes approaches to teacher evaluation. Powerful associations between determinants of achievement at student, school, and country level suggest that it is important to explore implications of these factors on student achievement in schools.

scholarly journals The Developmental Origins of False-Belief Understanding

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose M. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
False Belief ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
False Beliefs ◽  
Older Children ◽  
False Belief Understanding ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The World

Understanding that individuals can be mistaken, or hold false beliefs, about the world is an important human ability that plays a vital role in social interactions. When and how does this ability develop? Traditional investigations using elicited-response tasks suggested that false-belief understanding did not emerge until at least age 4. However, more recent studies have shown that children demonstrate false-belief understanding much earlier when tested via other means. In the present article, I summarize recent evidence that a robust, flexible understanding of false belief emerges in infancy and discuss why older children fail elicited-response tasks despite their ability to represent beliefs.

Correction of functional constipation in patients with limited mobility after stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
M. S. Turchina ◽  
M. V. Bukreeva ◽  
L. Yu. Korolyova ◽  
Zh. E. Annenkova ◽  
L. G. Polyakov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
The World

Currently, the problem of early rehabilitation of stroke patients is important, since in terms of the prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases and disability after suffering a stroke, Russia is one of the first places in the world. The complex of medical rehabilitation of such patients should provide for the early and most complete restoration of all body functions, patient education for lost skills, re-socialization of the patient and improvement of the quality of life. One of the factors contributing to a significant reduction in the quality of life after a stroke is the development of chronic constipation. The article reflects the modern methods of correction of chronic constipation in patients with limited mobility.

HASTANELERİN HİZMET KALİTESİNİN HASTA TATMİN ÖLÇEĞİ İLE ÖLÇÜLMESİ: KARABÜK DEVLET HASTANESİNDE YATAN HASTALAR ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA THE MEASUREMENT SERVICE QUALITY OF THE HOSPITALS BY THE PATIENT SCALE: A RESEARCH ON THE PATIENTS IN KARABUK STATE HOSP

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Selçuk Yurtsever
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factors

It has been known that both in the world and in Turkey a continuous change has been experienced in the provision of health services in recent years. In this sense by adopting the customer(client) focused approach of either public or private sector hospitals; it has been seen that they are in the struggle for presenting a right, fast, trustuble, comfy service. The purpose of this research is to measure the satisfaction degree, expectations and perceptions of the patients in Karabük State Hospital through comparison. In this context, the patient satisfaction scale which has been developed as a result of literature review has been used and by this scale it has been tried to measure the satisfaction levels of the patients in terms of material and human factors which are the two main factors of the service that was presented. In the study, with the scales of Servqual and 0-100 Points together, in the part of the analysis MANOVA have been used. The expectations and the perceptions of the patient has been compared first by generally and then by separating to different groups according to the various criterias and in thisway it has been tried to be measured their satisfaction levels. According to the results that were obtained, although, the satisfaction levels of the patients who have taken service from Karabük State Hospital are high in terms of thedoctors and the nurses; it has been reached to the result that their satisfaction levels are low in terms of the materials that have been used at the presenting of the service and the management.

IN SEARCH OF EDUCATIONAL STRATEGY FOR UKRAINE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viсtor Ognevyuk
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
School Management ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
Management School ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

The article deals with the world rating of Ukrainian educational sphere according to The Global Competitiveness Report and UNESCO Science Report. It shows comparative indices of Ukraine in contrast to the other countries of these world ratings according to the “Quality of primary education”, “Penetration of primary education”, “Penetration of secondary education”, “Quality of secondary education”, “Quality of education in Sciences”, “Quality of school management”, “School access to the internet” and others. The article also defines strategic directions of reforming Ukrainian education system to improve its position in the world international ratings.

konsep dasar, prinsip dan peranan supervisi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isra Revenia
Keyword(s):  
Education Quality ◽  
School Staff ◽  
The World

When we compare with the quality of the best education in the world, Indonesia can catagorized as far behind. This can be seen from the achievments of students who become rejected measuring education quality in improving the qualitu of education, education supervision has very important role in developing education quality. Supervision can be interpreted as a coaching activity that has been planned to assist teachers and staff and other school staff in carrying out work effectively so that it gets good results. Supervision is a process that is applied to a job that has been carried out and even evaluates and corrects the work I to match what was determined from the start.

Peningkatan Teknologi Informasi Melalui Supervisi Pendidikan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rika ramadani ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Information Technology Education ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
The World ◽  
Teacher Supervisors

Progress in information technology that is so fast is expected to improve the quality of education in Indonesia. In the world of information technology education can help and support the learning process. Especially now all the learning process activities can be done online. Progress in information technology must also be supported by quality human resources. In this case the teacher is very instrumental in the utilization of information technology in the world of education. Because the teacher is one of the education supervisors who will encourage the advancement of the quality of education in Indonesia. But in reality the quality of teachers in Indonesia is inadequate. There are still many teachers who cannot use information technology in learning especially for teachers who are senior or old. As teacher supervisors, they must improve the quality of their performance in using technology. To improve the ability of teachers to use technology, ongoing training is needed to use technology. The role of the head of the school as a supervisor is also needed, namely the principal is obliged to supervise, control, and approach the teacher in terms of the use of technology in the learning process.

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