POST-BIRTH CUSTOM ON MALAY PEOPLE IN JONGKONG, KAPUAS HULU

This article discusses the traditional knowledge of society is the wealth of inheritance obtained from previous generations. The knowledge contains two elements; local elements and elements of Islam. In this element there are beliefs that are associated with supernatural powers, and there are also beliefs that are associated with science. Explanation of these two aspects often cannot be done because of a limited understanding of the culture of the community. Instead of culture that is sustainable, often culture is abandoned because it is considered a prohibited work. Taking examples of activities 40 days after giving birth, this article explains the transition of cultural aspects from belief to knowledge. That is why the response to local culture must be preceded by deepening before any attitude is given.

Debating the Reality of Race, Caste, and Ethnicity

There is a lively ongoing debate among philosophers and social scientists about the reality of race and among social scientists about the reality of caste and ethnicity. This paper tries to sort out what the issues are and makes some preliminary suggestions about what the evidence shows. Standard philosophical analyses try to find the necessary and sufficient conditions of our concept of race. I argue that this is not the best way to approach the issue and that the reality of these concepts should be taken as a scientific realism question; that is, do our best social scientific accounts of these phenomena show that appealing to the concepts of race, caste, and ethnicity is essential to successful social science explanation? I argue that in some cases that is the case and lay out the empirical issues involved.

Natural Philosophy, Deduction, and Geometry in the Hobbes-Boyle Debate

This paper examines Hobbes’s criticisms of Robert Boyle’s air-pump experiments in light of Hobbes’s account in De Corpore and De Homine of the relationship of natural philosophy to geometry. I argue that Hobbes’s criticisms rely upon his understanding of what counts as “true physics.” Instead of seeing Hobbes as defending natural philosophy as “a causal enterprise … [that] as such, secured total and irrevocable assent,” 1 I argue that, in his disagreement with Boyle, Hobbes relied upon his understanding of natural philosophy as a mixed mathematical science. In a mixed mathematical science one can mix facts from experience (the ‘that’) with causal principles borrowed from geometry (the ‘why’). Hobbes’s harsh criticisms of Boyle’s philosophy, especially in the Dialogus Physicus, sive De natura aeris (1661; hereafter Dialogus Physicus), should thus be understood as Hobbes advancing his view of the proper relationship of natural philosophy to geometry in terms of mixing principles from geometry with facts from experience. Understood in this light, Hobbes need not be taken to reject or diminish the importance of experiment/experience; nor should Hobbes’s criticisms in Dialogus Physicus be understood as rejecting experimenting as ignoble and not befitting a philosopher. Instead, Hobbes’s viewpoint is that experiment/experience must be understood within its proper place – it establishes the ‘that’ for a mixed mathematical science explanation.

Components and process in social science explanation: is there a role for Yin-Yang balancing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to consider the proposal by Peter Li about developing an inclusive research paradigm bringing together eastern and western research approaches; and second, to make a proposal for a division of labor in this endeavor. Design/methodology/approach Literature review and consideration of opposing intellectual traditions and their origins. Findings If the western approach was to deal with structures and institutions, and the eastern approach was to deal with process, then some progress might be possible toward a valuable fusion. But there may be sociological as well as intellectual reasons why this would be difficult. Research limitations/implications As it is a commentary there are no specific limitations except for what can be covered in the space available. Practical implications If the proposal can be made to bear fruit the chances of much greater East-West collaboration in research are higher. Social implications The reduction of friction and non-cooperation between intellectual traditions. Originality/value The “process” suggestion is new in this form.

Present and Perspectives of the Adult Education Theory in the System of Andragogical Sciences

The adult education theory belongs to the fundamental theoretical disciplines of andragogy and the development of its fundamental assumptions is an important prerequisite for the development of andragogy. The current level of its terminology and system apparatus in comparison to other disciplines of andragogy currently does not fully enable to develop primarily practical-application functions, and thus leaves its potential unfulfilled. Building of an education theory on interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and trans-disciplinary principles is now legitimate and allows the use of research results of other sciences (philosophy, anthropology, pedagogy, sociology, psychology, ethics, cultural studies, etc.). The adult education theory cannot be built only as a theory for theory (normative aspect), but it should develop its own exploratory, explanatory and analytical potential for the needs of support of self-development of an adult. It envisages the creation of a scientifically justified system of adult education and self-education as a theory providing sufficiently developed and socially applicable model of andragogical action. Prospects of the adult education theory are combined with the need to define and understand the basic terms (education and self-education of adults), their relations in the system of science, explanation of subject and functions (normative and practical, through the development of basic and applied research and creation of the curriculum components (objectives, principles, contents, education process and others).