Head related transfer function measurements of common PPE

Due to COVID 19, personal protective equipment (PPE) is now used in everyday life. Such PPE affects communication and perception. This paper provides an overview of the impact of PPE on Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTF's). Spatial acoustic effects of common PPE on human hearing can be documented to improve and inform field worker safety and communication. After a general description of the measurement process and required tools, we focus on a few methods which contribute significantly to the accuracy and analysis of PPE-based HRTF data. The dedicated setup allows measuring a full 360 degree map in automated fashion. It includes a special ring setup with 25 speakers, and a precise turn table that is used to adjust the angle of the device under test with respect to the ring. Binaural measurements were performed on a set of common PPE items on a Head And Torso Simulator (HATS) system, including hard hats, safety glasses, hearing protection, and various face masks. An overview of the data is presented.

Steam Turbine Stage Modernisation in Front of the Extraction Point

The paper presents modernisation of the steam turbine stage situated in front of the turbine extraction point, based on a 225 MW turbine LP stage as an example. The modernised design is intended to better control the steam flow in this area. In the presented design a special ring is used to drive the steam leakage flow directly to the heat exchanger. The performed experiments and numerical analyses confirmed measurable exploitation and efficiency advantages of the introduced modernisation. So far, it has been successfully applied in a number of turbines working in inland power plants, but its use can be easily extended, without need for further modification and without advantage loss, to marine turbines, especially those used as main propulsion in sea-going vessels.

Subring Depth, Frobenius Extensions, and Towers

The minimum depthd(B,A)of a subringB⊆Aintroduced in the work of Boltje, Danz and Külshammer (2011) is studied and compared with the tower depth of a Frobenius extension. We show thatd(B,A)< ∞ ifAis a finite-dimensional algebra andBehas finite representation type. Some conditions in terms of depth and QF property are given that ensure that the modular function of a Hopf algebra restricts to the modular function of a Hopf subalgebra. IfA⊇Bis a QF extension, minimum left and right even subring depths are shown to coincide. IfA⊇Bis a Frobenius extension with surjective Frobenius, homomorphism, its subring depth is shown to coincide with its tower depth. Formulas for the ring, module, Frobenius and Temperley-Lieb structures are noted for the tower over a Frobenius extension in its realization as tensor powers. A depth 3 QF extension is embedded in a depth 2 QF extension; in turn certain depthnextensions embed in depth 3 extensions if they are Frobenius extensions or other special ring extensions with ring structures on their relative Hochschild bar resolution groups.

Study on the Dynamic Radial Tensile Test Method of Thin-Walled Tube Structure with Special Ring Section

Combined with numerical simulation, a radial-directional dynamic tensile experimental method was proposed based on conventional split Hopkinson tensile bar(SHTB) for a thin-walled tube structure with special ring section. A special clamp was designed and a hollow transmission bar was used to magnify the transmission signals. For the stainless steel thin-walled tube structure, some dynamic tensile experiments are implemented under different strain rates. The results show that this test method is applicable to thin-walled tube structure with special ring section. This structure has a long plastic stage and its fracture strain is reduced with strain rate increasing. Moreover, its tensile strength is obviously enhanced with strain rate increasing

Numerical Simulation of Bolted-Steel Plates Strengthened Coupling Beams

One reinforced concrete coupling beam and two strengthened reinforced concrete coupling beams by bolted steel plates are analyzed by nonlinear finite element method. Two-dimensional finite element model is employed with material nonlinearities and geometrical nonlinearities. A special ring region, which simulates the slip effect between concrete and steel plates, is developed an incorporated into the numerical analysis model. The load-displacement relationship, cracking/crushing type and steel plates internal are compared and found to be in good agreement with those in test.