Anti-racist Critique Through Racial Stereotype Humour

This article discusses the persistent deployment of racial stereotypes in contemporary stand-up comedy and its potential hegemonic or counter-hegemonic effects. It asks whether racial stereotypes should be avoided or condemned altogether, considering the risks of interpretative ambiguity and offensiveness, or, alternatively, whether there are specific performative strategies and conditions that might make racial stereotype humour a powerful weapon in the anti-racist toolbox. As regards the first, several critiques are considered and it is shown that racial stereotype humour, and its reception, may harbour multiple, subtle forms of racism. In terms of defences, racial stereotype humour’s role of discharging stubborn psycho-affective investments is highlighted, as well as its function as ‘subversive play’. The article further pays special attention to aspects of audience reception (such as issues of missed subtlety and ‘clever’ laughter) and the importance of the comic’s racial positionality in performing racial stereotypes.

Pragmatic analysis of racial humor in online discourse

The present paper aims to investigate how racial humor is triggered in racial jokes posted online. Racial jokes and the ways it is triggered is an under-researched topic in comparison to the quickly developing literature about other types of racist language. Thus, one of the main problems this thesis attempt to address is English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) users’ potential lack of awareness of the racially sensitive issues and how to deal with them in (online) intercultural communication. The paper analyzes (312) racial jokes, collected from eight different racial Joke accounts on Twitter. After in-depth reading and a systematic coding process of the dataset, three types of racial jokes were distinguished. These are superiority-based triggers, incongruity-based triggers, and blended triggers. These three different types were found to perform two different functions: racial stereotype reinforcement and racial stereotype challenge.

Racial Stereotype Application in 4- to 8-Year-Old White American Children: Emergence and Specificity

Young children’s racial stereotyping is poorly understood even though stereotyping can influence individuals’ attitudes and behavior toward others. Here we present two preregistered studies (Total N = 257) examining White American children’s (4–8 years) application of six stereotypes (about being American, smart, wealthy, athletic, trustworthy, and nice) when considering Asian, Black, and White children. We observed clear and consistent evidence for only one cultural stereotype across the two studies: participants indicated that Asian and Black children were less American than White children. In a measure of racial attitudes, participants also preferred White children over Black and Asian children. Taken together, this research suggests that, in contrast to findings from previous work, only stereotypes about being American emerge in early childhood. Moreover, this research indicates that children’s cultural stereotypes diverge from children’s attitudes early in development. These studies raise new questions about the emergence of racial stereotype application early in childhood.

REEMERGENCE OF RACIAL STEREOTYPE AND DISCRIMINATION IN JORDAN PEELE’S GET OUT (2017)

Racial stereotype has been discussed for many years and its issue is still shown today through various ways including a film. This paper discusses one main problem related to racial issues which is the reemergence of black stereotype in Jordan Peele’s Get Out (2017). This research applied deconstruction approach by Jacques Derrida. The main data were collected from movie’s subtitle and supporting data were taken from books, journals, and other sources that are related to the issue being chosen. The analysis is presented through binary opposition that leads to the deconstruction of the data found. Thus, the finding states that black stereotype is presented through white’s treatment toward black people based on the recollection of black history, their stereotyped behavior and physical discrimination.

The Issues of Black Racial Stereotype and Race Relationship Used in The Transcript of Chris Rock's Standup Comedy Entitled Never Scared

This research aims to answer how the issues of Black racial stereotype and race relationship are being used in the Chris Rock’s standup comedy entitled <em>Never Scared</em>. The issues of Black racial stereotype and race relationship are analyzed through the portrayal of living in US as Black people in the eyes of Chris Rock, an influential American Black comedian. This research is a descriptive qualitative research which uses Arthur Asa Berger’s techniques of comedy theory as an approach. As a result, this research finds that living in US as Black people is likely to be exposed by racial violence involving White people. The result also signifies how Black people are considered as inferior race in US society which then leads to the mentioning of racial discrimination towards Black people.

Fake It to Make It? Emotional Labor Reduces the Racial Disparity in Service Performance Judgments

Service providers who are Black tend to be evaluated less favorably than those who are White, hindering opportunities for advancement. We propose that the Black-White racial disparity in service performance evaluations is due to occupational-racial stereotype incongruence for interpersonal warmth and that more emotional labor is necessary from Blacks to reduce this incongruence. A pilot study manipulating employee race and occupation confirmed warmth and person-occupation fit judgments are lower for an otherwise equal Black than White service provider. We then demonstrate the racial disparity in service performance is due to interpersonal warmth differences in an experimental study with participants evaluating videos of retail clerks (Study 1) and a multisource field study of grocery clerks with supervisor-rated judgments (Study 2). Furthermore, White service providers are rated highly regardless of emotional labor, but performing more emotional labor (i.e., amplifying positive expressions) is necessary for Black providers to increase warmth judgments and reduce the racial disparity. In other words, Black providers are held to a higher standard where they must “fake it to make it” in service roles. We discuss implications for stereotype fit and expectation states theory, emotional labor, and service management.

The Best Sheepherder. The Racial Stereotype of Basque Immigrants in the American West Between the End of the Nineteenth and the Beginning of the Twentieth Centuries

El presente artículo estudia la imagen de los inmigrantes vascos en el Oeste norteamericano entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, y la influencia que esa imagen tuvo en la integración socioeconómica de este colectivo, dedicado fundamentalmente al pastoreo de ovejas, prestando especial atención al Estado de Nevada. Su objetivo principal es mostrar cómo dicha imagen fue racializada, cómo la etiqueta étnica de vasco fue equiparada a la categoría racial «blanca» en los Estados Unidos, especialmente tras la aprobación de la ley de inmigración de 1924, y cómo esta percepción benefició a los inmigrantes vascos, facilitando su integración. Para ello examina los estudios historiográficos, sociológicos y antropológicos sobre los inmigrantes vascos en el Oeste realizados a finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX por intelectuales estadounidenses, y muestra cómo, influidos por el análisis turneriano y la ideología racialista de la época, elaboraron un estereotipo racial vasco, expresado en la imagen del «buen pastor», que terminó reflejándose en la prensa escrita estadounidense y divulgándose a través de ella.

Taking Priming to Task

The current research examined potential moderators of gender and racial stereotype priming in sequential priming paradigms. Results from five experiments suggest that stereotype priming effects are more consistent in tasks that elicit both semantic priming and response competition (i.e., response priming paradigms) rather than tasks that evoke semantic priming alone (i.e., semantic priming paradigms). Recommendations for future stereotype priming research and the implication of these results for the proper interpretation of stereotype priming effects are discussed.