Lead maternity care midwives' perspectives on the effect of severe perineal trauma on their relationship with women

<p>Although childbirth is a time of happiness and joy for couples, happiness can be flawed by pain and discomfort associated with perineal trauma sustained during childbirth. It is estimated that 85% of vaginal births are accompanied by trauma to the perineum. A higher risk of trauma is sustained at the first birth compared with subsequent vaginal births. In New Zealand, midwives work in partnership with the woman. The Lead Maternity Care (LMC) midwife has an ongoing relationship with the woman in her care that starts when the pregnant woman books with the midwife and ends at six weeks postpartum. The relationship between the woman and the LMC midwife involves trust, shared control, responsibility and a shared meaning through mutual understanding. Midwives fear they will be held responsible by women who sustain severe perineal trauma during their birth for the outcome. There is a lack of research into how New Zealand midwives’ relationships are affected when women in their care sustain severe perineal trauma. This research sought to explore the experiences of LMC midwives who have cared for women who sustained severe perineal trauma during childbirth. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of severe perineal trauma on the midwife/ woman relationship. The aim was to explore LMC midwives` perception of how they were affected when women in their care sustained severe genital tract trauma during birth. Qualitative descriptive methodology was used. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with LMC midwives from three geographical regions in lower North Island of New Zealand. The participants were eight midwives who had personal experience of caring for a woman who sustained severe genital tract trauma during childbirth. The findings revealed three themes: building a relationship with women, participants’ perceptions of the effects of severe perineal trauma on women, and the impact of severe perineal trauma on the midwife. The findings demonstrate that LMC midwives build relationships with women during the antenatal period. This relationship ensures an excellent partnership, established on the foundation of trust and respect, developed with the women. Midwives are affected on a personal and professional level when woman sustains trauma during childbirth, and the midwife adopts ways of coping. In the aftermath of severe perineal trauma, the woman may suffer health problems. This can impact her relationship with her LMC midwife during the postnatal period.</p>

Lead maternity care midwives' perspectives on the effect of severe perineal trauma on their relationship with women

<p>Although childbirth is a time of happiness and joy for couples, happiness can be flawed by pain and discomfort associated with perineal trauma sustained during childbirth. It is estimated that 85% of vaginal births are accompanied by trauma to the perineum. A higher risk of trauma is sustained at the first birth compared with subsequent vaginal births. In New Zealand, midwives work in partnership with the woman. The Lead Maternity Care (LMC) midwife has an ongoing relationship with the woman in her care that starts when the pregnant woman books with the midwife and ends at six weeks postpartum. The relationship between the woman and the LMC midwife involves trust, shared control, responsibility and a shared meaning through mutual understanding. Midwives fear they will be held responsible by women who sustain severe perineal trauma during their birth for the outcome. There is a lack of research into how New Zealand midwives’ relationships are affected when women in their care sustain severe perineal trauma. This research sought to explore the experiences of LMC midwives who have cared for women who sustained severe perineal trauma during childbirth. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of severe perineal trauma on the midwife/ woman relationship. The aim was to explore LMC midwives` perception of how they were affected when women in their care sustained severe genital tract trauma during birth. Qualitative descriptive methodology was used. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with LMC midwives from three geographical regions in lower North Island of New Zealand. The participants were eight midwives who had personal experience of caring for a woman who sustained severe genital tract trauma during childbirth. The findings revealed three themes: building a relationship with women, participants’ perceptions of the effects of severe perineal trauma on women, and the impact of severe perineal trauma on the midwife. The findings demonstrate that LMC midwives build relationships with women during the antenatal period. This relationship ensures an excellent partnership, established on the foundation of trust and respect, developed with the women. Midwives are affected on a personal and professional level when woman sustains trauma during childbirth, and the midwife adopts ways of coping. In the aftermath of severe perineal trauma, the woman may suffer health problems. This can impact her relationship with her LMC midwife during the postnatal period.</p>

Wayang Gluthek: The Creativity and Innovation of Art Workers in Keeping Traditional Arts

Wayang Gluthek is one of the traditional arts from Malang Regency, East Java. Wayang Gluthek emerged because the conventional puppet show had ups and downs in its development due to advances in science and technology. This research aims to identify the wayang gluthek performance and examine the elements in the show. This type of research is a survey and development research conducted for five years. Research locations are in the Kalipare and Tumpang areas. Methods of data collection using interview methods, participatory observation methods, and methods of documentation. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that Wayang Gluthek was born from various innovations and creative efforts made by art workers and the people’s need for cheap and efficient art without leaving essential points in the tradition of wayang purwa performances. From the Wayang Gluthek performance, we can understand that the intensive interaction between art workers and the community is an ongoing relationship and represents a mutually agreed upon phenomenon.

The goal-relevance of affective stimuli is dynamically represented in affective experience

Affect is a continuous and temporally dependent process that represents an individual's ongoing relationship with its environment. However, there is a lack of evidence on how factors defining the dynamic sensory environment modulate changes in momentary affective experience. Here, we show that goal-dependent relevance of stimuli is a key factor shaping momentary affect in a dynamic context. Participants ( N = 83) viewed sequentially presented images and reported their momentary affective experience after every fourth stimulus. Relevance was manipulated through an attentional task that rendered each image either task-relevant or task-irrelevant. Computational models were fitted to trial-by-trial affective responses to capture the key dynamic parameters explaining momentary affective experience. The findings from statistical analyses and computational models showed that momentary affective experience was shaped by the temporal integration of the affective impact of recently encountered stimuli, and that task-relevant stimuli, independent of stimulus affect, prompted larger changes in experienced pleasantness compared with task-irrelevant stimuli. These findings clearly show that dynamics of affective experience reflect goal-relevance of stimuli in our surroundings.

The Animal Welfare Science of Working Dogs: Current Perspectives on Recent Advances and Future Directions

Working dogs are prevalent throughout our societies, assisting people in diverse contexts, from explosives detection and livestock herding, to therapy partners. Our scientific exploration and understanding of animal welfare have grown dramatically over the last decade. As community attitudes toward the use of animals continue to change, applying this new knowledge of welfare to improve the everyday lives of working dogs will underpin the sustainability of working with dogs in these roles. The aim of this report was to consider the scientific studies of working dogs from the last decade (2011–2021) in relation to modern ethics, human interaction, and the five domains of animal welfare: nutrition, environment, behavioral interaction, physical health, and mental state. Using this framework, we were able to analyze the concept and contribution of working dog welfare science. Noting some key advances across the full working dog life cycle, we identify future directions and opportunities for interdisciplinary research to optimize dog welfare. Prioritizing animal welfare in research and practice will be critical to assure the ongoing relationship between dogs and people as co-workers.

Highlighting two black families experience with Ontario's Child Welfare System

Black children are entering child welfare system at a rate five times higher than that of the average Canadian population (Polanyi et al., 2014). There are approximately 539, 205 (8% of the population) Black individuals living in Ontario, yet Black children make up 41% of the children in the care of Children’s Aid Society (Polanyi et al., 2014). The disproportionate apprehension of marginalized children is not a new issue; it is only recently that child welfare organizations have acknowledged that this is an issue. This prompted some agencies to release disaggregated race-based data outlining racial disparities. This phenomenological qualitative research study intends to highlight the stories of two Black parents who have had an ongoing relationship with Ontario’s child welfare system. This research hopes to outline their similarities, differences and the intricate experiences. Their experiences will be examined through a critical lens guided by anti-black racism and critical race theory.

Highlighting two black families experience with Ontario's Child Welfare System

Black children are entering child welfare system at a rate five times higher than that of the average Canadian population (Polanyi et al., 2014). There are approximately 539, 205 (8% of the population) Black individuals living in Ontario, yet Black children make up 41% of the children in the care of Children’s Aid Society (Polanyi et al., 2014). The disproportionate apprehension of marginalized children is not a new issue; it is only recently that child welfare organizations have acknowledged that this is an issue. This prompted some agencies to release disaggregated race-based data outlining racial disparities. This phenomenological qualitative research study intends to highlight the stories of two Black parents who have had an ongoing relationship with Ontario’s child welfare system. This research hopes to outline their similarities, differences and the intricate experiences. Their experiences will be examined through a critical lens guided by anti-black racism and critical race theory.

Modernism—Borders and Crises

This article discusses the concept of modernism, as reflected for instance in attempts to find a manageable narrative frame for the history of literary modernism. The article argues that this attempt is complicated by modernism as an unruly and complex trend that manifests itself in different ways, and at different moments, as it enters into a complex dialogue with other trends within various linguistic communities. These different times and places of modernism also turn out to interact with one another through translations and other forms of reception that sometimes entail renewed modernist creativity. Discussing these significant aspects of modernism, the article also considers the problems critics of modernism face as they attempt to come up with a narrative framework for the history of modernism and its ongoing relationship with realism. A key point argued in the article is that to come to terms with both these trends we need to appreciate the ways in which modernism is linked to historical crises and traumas of our time, including the first and the second world wars. Paying particular attention to the interplay of Nordic and European modernisms, the article discusses how aspects of modernism have manifested themselves in Iceland, a Nordic island which may seem doubly removed from the European centres of modernism in cities such as London and Paris.

citation_32_130218007_Christin Fellicia

Developments in the fruit and vegetable sector play an important role in Indonesia's economic growth, one of which is in the East Java region. With this development it helps create jobs. East Java has great potential and is a major supplier of food crops, animal and horticultural needs compared to other regions in Indonesia. Therefore East Java has a higher comparative advantage because the area of East Java has adaptive climatic, soil, and topophographical conditions. For example, in Malang, Pacet, Pasuruan, Probolinggo, Kediri, and Lumajang, which have areas suitable for the development of fruits and vegetables. Supply Chain is a further integration of logistics management between the companies involved which has the aim of increasing the flow of goods, increasing the accuracy of demand forecasts, increasing the efficiency of the use of space, vehicles and other facilities, reducing inventory levels, reducing costs, and improving other services. Supply Chain also involves an ongoing relationship regarding existing goods, money and information. Horizontally there are 5 components or main actors in the Supply Chain, namely suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers. Apart from horizontally, as for vertically, namely the maker, buyer,carrier, storage and seller.

The Black Aquatic

This essay argues that thinking through black diasporic life as birthed through a unique and ongoing relationship with bodies of water (sea, oceans, rivers, creeks) can and does aid in analyses of contemporary art and its engagement with black subjectivity. I am concerned with how bodies of water are foundationally formative of blackness. And secondarily I pursue how this foundational aspect of blackness is both an act of representation worth engaging contemporary art and also a limit on what some representations of contemporary art can do to undo the brutal history of the aquatic birth of blackness and its perpetuation.