Blood glucose levels in children with acanthosis nigricans associated with obesity

Background: A body mass index ≥95 percentile increases 40 times the risk of diabetes. The hyperinsulinemia secondary to the resistance of insulin and obesity is associated to the development of acanthosis nigricans. The objective of current study was to associate acanthosis nigricans with childhood obesity with alterations in the curve of glucose tolerance.Methods: In current study 90 children were evaluated with obesity and acanthosis nigricans of which only 34 concluded the study. Glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels were determined while in fasting state, and glucose tolerance curve was conducted. The statistical analysis was done by determining X², Fisher´s test and U, Mann Whitney test.Results: Statistically significant difference was found between glucose levels at 2 hours and the presence of obesity and acanthosis nigricans (p<0.01).Conclusions: It is important that all the children with obesity and Acanthosis nigricans apply for a curve of glucose tolerance.

Evaluation of Hypoglycemic and Genotoxic Effect of Polyphenolic Bark Extract from Quercus sideroxyla

Quercus sideroxyla is a wood species whose bark has phenolic compound and should be considered to be bioactive; the hypoglycemic and genotoxic properties of Q. sideroxyla bark were evaluated in this study. Total phenolic compound was determined in crude extract (CE) and organic extract (OE). The OE has the highest amount of phenols (724.1±12.0 GAE/g). Besides, both CE and OE demonstrated effect over the inhibition of α-amylase in vitro. Hypoglycemic activity was assessed by glucose tolerance curve and the area under curve (UAC); OE showed the highest hypoglycemic activity. In addition, diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and the extracts (50 mg/kg) were administered for 10 days; OE showed hypoglycemic effect compared with diabetic control and decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation. Acute toxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated in CE; results of acute toxicity did not show any mortality. Besides, the comet assay showed that CE at a dose of 100 mg/kg did not show any genotoxic effect when evaluated at 24 h, whereas it induced slight damage at 200 mg/kg, with the formation of type 1 comets.

The Determination of Basal Glycemia and Glucose Tolerance Curve: The Manners of Blood Sampling

There were analyzed the conditions under which the basal glycemia and/or glucose tolerance curve is not contaminated by stress induced changes in glycide metabolism. When the basal glycemia was monitored,blood was sampled to heparinized capillaries from retrobulbar plexus under the light ether anaesthesia or by decapitation without narcosis. The animal represented the control for itself. No differences was found in basal glycemia under the two mentioned blood sampling. In the second series of experiments glycemia was monitored in the time schedule which is used in glucose tolerance test, i.e., blood sampling was performed 30,60,120 and 180 min after the first sampling from retrobulbar plexus either under light ether anaesthesia (in 14 h starvated rats or in rats with free access to diet) or under Nembutal anaesthesia (in 14 h starvated rats). No differences were found in glycemia when two types of narcosis is compared. No signs of augmentation were detected. In the last series when blood sampling was taken in two sec intervals, time dependent augmentation of stress glucose elevation was found. The augmentation was more expressed in the rats with free access to diet than in starvated animals.

Ambivalent Effect of Long Lasting Terguride Treatment on Genetically Based Glycide and Lipide Metabolism Abnormalities in SHR/N-cp Koletsky Rats

Experiments were carried out in the genetically hypertensive obese rats of Koletsky type (SHR/N-cp obese), in their lean siblings (SHR/N-cp lean) and in the rats of Han-Wistar strain. The effect of long lasting terguride treatment was monitored when the animal represents a control for itself. Blood was sampled to heparinized capillaries from retrobulbar plexus in the same animal before and after the terguride treament. Long lasting terguride treatment shows decrease in "area under the glucose tolerance curve" in all groups of animals, increase in glycaemia in normotensive males, increase in insulinemia in normotensive rats of both sexes and in SHR/N-cp lean males and decrease of insulinemia in SHR/N-cp obese males, increase of triglyceridemia in normotensive rats of both sexes and in SHR/N-cp lean males, and decrease of triglyceridemia in SHR/N-cp lean females and SHR/N-cp obese of both sexes, increase in cholesterolemia in normotensive and SHR/N-cp lean males, decrease in cholesterolemia in normotensive, SHR/N-cp lean and obese females. Thus ambivalent effect of terguride treatment is more expressive in glucose tolerance and in plasma triglycerides. Ambivalent effect of long lasting terguride treatment is profoundly expressed in correlation between pre-treament state of individual parameters and the effect of treatment expressed in percentage changes in post-treatment state. In all cases statistically significant correlation coefficients show negative mark. Thus it is apparent that terguride increases monitored parameter when this parameter is low before treatment, and vice versa. When it is considered "area under the glucose tolerance curve", significance was attained in all groups, when judging basal glycaemia, significance was attained in normotensive and SHR/N-cp lean rats of both sexes, taking into account insulinemia, significance was attained in normotensive and SHR/N-cp obese rats of both sexes, when analysing plasma triglycerides, significance was attained in normotensive rats of both sexes and in SHR/Ncp lean females and obese males, when we consider total plasma cholesterol, significance was attained in normotensive rats of both sexes and in SHR/N-cp lean males. From the clinical point of view it must be underlined that terguride is potent to increase insulinemia. Thus there is open a possibility of the other clinical indication of the mentioned drug.