Treatment with proton pump inhibitors as a cofactor in adverse reactions of patients undergoing oral food immunotherapy

Background and objectives: Based on previous studies revealing acid-suppression medication as a risk factor for food allergy tolerance induction, we aimed to establish the importance of those findings in patients undergoing oral immunotherapy (OIT).Materials and methods, results: We describe a case series of four patients who underwent milk OIT with a concomitant use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication and who developed anaphylaxis after a known, previously tolerated dose of milk.Conclusions: PPIs may act as a cofactor in patients undergoing OIT, triggering adverse reac-tions, irrespective of the PPI used or the dosage. It would be necessary to separate the admin-istration of drug from food intake.Since OIT is a new form of treatment, long-term adverse events arising from PPI treatment and other possible triggers are still uncertain. Consequently, monitoring of patient must be prolonged over time. Additional investigations on the influence of different drugs in OIT main-tenance phase are required.

HUMOR AS AN INSTRUMENTAL IDEA OF LANGUAGE EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Humor on the topic of politics is an indicator of the speed of reac- tions, knowledge and ability to understand the situation that causes it, in the general political situation. Linking the content of training with humorous im- ages, quotes of famous politicians, it is appropriate to attract students’ attention, better fix the information in memory, thanks to joining of figurative and linguistic metaphors and comparisons that cause students to evoke emotions and laughter. Thus, humor is an ideal “breeding ground” to learn the content. The criteria for selecting the material for the lesson are the level of students ‘ awareness in the field of international politics, their outlook; the level of language competence; the level of understanding of the specifics of foreign language culture. A good knowledge of the sources of one’s examples allows to influence the audience unobtrusively, demonstrating the discovery of new connections between the phenomena. There is only one limitation to the use of political texts that include humor: aggressive humor can harm and demotivate students. to diversify the les- son, you can include visual humorous material, namely, political caricature Based on national stereotypes, humor reflects the cognitive specifics of the mentality, so it is very important to learn how to adequately perceive the jokes of repre- sentatives of other cultures. German political humor focuses on the individual characteristics and behavior of politicians. In Germany, comics, humorous TV shows, and political cartoons are popular. Witty statements of German politi- cians are recorded by media representatives on audio discs, in printed materials.

Detailed Mechanistic Pattern in Halogen Dance Reactions of Iodo-Thiophenes

Background:: Synthetic chemists have utilized base catalyzed halogen dance reactions, ever since its discovery by Bunnet et al. Many modifications under various conditions have enabled synthetic chemists to build substituted hetero-cyclic targets with rich structural diversity. Methods:: Using DFT-Cam-B3LYP/ land2dz computations and focused on Hannes Frohlich et al. Halogen dance reac-tions of iodothiophenes, a new iodo-bridged transition state is proposed. This iodo-bridged TS was then used to put forth 8 possible isomerization as well as 8 possible disproportionation paths. Results and Discussions:: All mechanistic pathways were then thoroughly investigated based on TS’s energy and protona-tion/deprotonation steps to find the most suitable pathways. Collectively these mechanistic pathways were joined like a jigsaw puzzle to yield, for the first-time, a comprehensive cascade-like pattern for base-catalyzed halogen dance in io-dothiophenes. Conclusion:: The present work may well shed light on a dynamic domino mechanism which may well dominate the or-ganic chemistry of iodothiophenyl anions. Trends like this may reveal mechanistic pathways in base digestion of halogen-ated aromatic compounds in CS2.

THE ACTIVITY OF INTERMOLECULAR HYDROGEN COMPLEXES OF QUERCETIN WITH GLUCOSE IN REAC-TIONS WITH COTTON OIL PEROXY RADICALS

The presence of a strong synergistic effect of the binary quercetin–glucose composition in the reaction with peroxyl radicals generated during the auto- and initiated oxidation of cottonseed oil was established. The highest antiradical activity showed the synergistic compositions at a ratio of 60 : 40%. The established synergism refers to the type when products, formed during reaction, interacts with peroxy radicals more effectively than the original individual substances. Such products may be intermolecular hydrogen-bonded complexes of quercetin and glucose, the existence of such complexes confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. DFT method showed that the most stable is the donor H-complex, where quercetin acts as a hydrogen donor. A quantitative measure of the electron-donating properties of H complexes – the ionization potential – was calculated in the gas phase. The ionization potential of the donor complex is lower so its reducing ability in reaction with radicals is higher than that of the monomeric antioxidant.This can explain the presence of the maximum synergistic effect in the quercetin-glucose mixture at the ratio of 60 : 40%, when, probably, the proportion of donor H-complexes in the reaction mixture is maximum. Obtained results make it possible to carry out a targeted search for effective antioxidant synergistic flavonoid–carbohydrate compositions in plant extracts.

Exploring Homogeneous Conditions for Mild Buchwald-Hartwig Amination in Batch and Flow

We describe the use of high throughput experimentation to identify a number of conditions that enable Buchwald-Hartwig reactions to be carried out using readily available ligands (e.g. XantPhos) with DBU as a soluble, functional group tolerant, homogeneous base. Application of this system to diverse aminations in batch and flow are demonstrated, as is the translation of this technique to performing continuous Mizoroki-Heck and Sonogashira coupling reac-tions.

Exploring Homogeneous Conditions for Mild Buchwald-Hartwig Amination in Batch and Flow

We describe the use of high throughput experimentation to identify a number of conditions that enable Buchwald-Hartwig reactions to be carried out using readily available ligands (e.g. XantPhos) with DBU as a soluble, functional group tolerant, homogeneous base. Application of this system to diverse aminations in batch and flow are demonstrated, as is the translation of this technique to performing continuous Mizoroki-Heck and Sonogashira coupling reac-tions.

Dynamics of leukocyt blood indexes in chickens administered ciprofloxacinin in experimental conditions of infection

Diseases of bacterial etiology lead to decrease in productivity and increase in poultry waste, which causes significant dam-age to poultry farming. An important reason for the increase in the incidence of staphylo-coccal infections is the resistance and adapt-ability of microorganisms to chemotherapeu-tic agents. The purpose of the presented as-say was to study the effect of Ciprofloxacin on the dynamics of leukocyte indices in ex-perimental staphylococcosis of chickens. Three groups of cockerels were involved in the experiment (I – control, II – Staphylo-coccus aureus infection, III – Staphylococ-cus aureus infection + Ciprofloxacin solution administration peros during 5 days in a dose of 200 mg/l). Blood was taken directly on the very day of infection for II and III groups, as well as on the 3, 5 and 7 days after infection. Krebs index, leukocyte index, immunoreactivity index, leukocyte index of intoxication, leukocyte shift index, and lym-phocyte granulocyte index was determined after counting the leukogram. During the whole experiment, significant statistically reliable changes in the leukocyte indices of chicks of groups II and III were revealed, relative to the control index, which indicates the activation of a number of immune reac-tions that have a significant impact on the physiological status of the bird. The use of indices for differential counts of leukocytes is a more informative method than taking into account changes in the concentration of certain blood cells.

DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF SPECIFIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN E IN THE BLOOD OF CATS WITH OB-STRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS WITH AN ALLER GENIC COMPONENT

The article presents the results of blood testing of cats with obstructive bronchitis for specific immunoglobulin E in order to confirm the allergic etiology of the disease. The study involved 16 animals, of which an increased level of specific IgE was detected in 12 animals, 1 cat had uncertaine result, and only 3 animals showed a level within the physiological norm. Comparing the ob-tained results with the data of allergic skin intradermal testing, it can be seen that the largest number of registered allergic reac-tions is associated with a high level of spe-cific immunoglobulin E in the blood serum of animals, immunized by antigens, coming from the environment. That is, the antigens of house dust mites, especially mites of the genus Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus. Thus, the proportion of animals that had an allergic reaction to these ticks was 56.3 %. We ob-served slightly lower allergenicity for ticks of the genus Tugorhadis putrescentiae (37.5 %), Acarus siro (37.5%). Less than 7 % of allergic reactions were observed to antigens of herbs, in particular, meadow thymothy (phelum pretense), white Marion (Chenopodium album L.) and plantain ma-jor (Plantago major). There was no immu-nological reaction to plant components: hazel (Corylus), common wormwood (Artemisia vulgaris). The results obtained using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) were highly common with the results obtained during intra-dermal allergen testing. We can conclude that determining the level of IgE immunoglobulin in the blood of cats with signs of OB is an objective diagnostic criterion for confirming the allergic nature of obstructive bronchitis in cats.

Exploring Homogeneous Conditions for Mild Buchwald-Hartwig Amination in Batch and Flow

We describe the use of high throughput experimentation to identify a number of conditions that enable Buchwald-Hartwig reactions to be carried out using readily available ligands (e.g. XantPhos) with DBU as a soluble, functional group tolerant, homogeneous base. Application of this system to diverse aminations in batch and flow are demonstrated, as is the translation of this technique to performing continuous Mizoroki-Heck and Sonogashira coupling reac-tions.