scholarly journals meso-Antracenyl-BODIPY dyad as a new photocatalyst in ATRA reac-tions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Abuhadba ◽  
Miu Tsuji ◽  
TOMOYASU MANI ◽  
Tatiana Esipova
Keyword(s):  
Reac Tions

Ab initio Molecular Orbital Calculations of Reduced Partition Function Ratios of Polyboric Acids and Polyborate Anions

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 623-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Oi
Keyword(s):  
Partition Function ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Boron Isotope ◽  
Molecular Orbital Calculations ◽  
Exact Evaluation ◽  
Reac Tions

Abstract Molecular orbital calculations at the HF/6-3 lG(d) level were carried out for polyboric acids and poly-borate anions up to a pentamer to estimate their 11B -to-10B isotopic reduced partition function ratios (RPFRs) and examine the additivity of logarithms of RPFRs. Approximate RPFR-values calculated by the use of the additivity agreed with exact RPFR-values within a margin of 1% error. This error was equivalent to a 5% error on ln(RPFR). The equilibrium constants of mono boron isotope exhange reac-tions between three-coordinate boron and four-coordinate boron ranged from 1.0203 to 1.0360 at 25 °C, indicating the importance of exact evaluation of RPFRs of polymers.

scholarly journals Exploring Homogeneous Conditions for Mild Buchwald-Hartwig Amination in Batch and Flow

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed K. Kashani ◽  
Jacob E. Jessiman ◽  
Stephen Newman
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Sonogashira Coupling ◽  
High Throughput Experimentation ◽  
Reac Tions ◽  
Base Application

We describe the use of high throughput experimentation to identify a number of conditions that enable Buchwald-Hartwig reactions to be carried out using readily available ligands (e.g. XantPhos) with DBU as a soluble, functional group tolerant, homogeneous base. Application of this system to diverse aminations in batch and flow are demonstrated, as is the translation of this technique to performing continuous Mizoroki-Heck and Sonogashira coupling reac-tions.

scholarly journals The LUNA experiment: past and future

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Carlo Broggini
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Nuclear Astrophysics ◽  
Hydrogen Burning ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Reac Tions ◽  
Nuclear Burning ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
Solar Phase ◽  
Carbon Burning

The essential ingredients of nuclear astrophysics are the thermonuclear reac-tions which shape the life and death of stars and which are responsible for the synthesis of the chemical elements in the Universe. Deep underground in the Gran Sasso Laboratory the cross sections of the key reactions responsible for the hydrogen burning in stars have been measured with two accelerators of 50 and 400 kV voltage right down to the energies of astrophysical interest. In particular, the main results obtained during the 'solar' phase of LUNA are here reviewed and their influence on our understanding of the properties of the neutrino and of the Sun is discussed. Then, the future of LUNA during the next decade is outlined. It will be mainly focused on the study of the nuclear burning stages after hydrogen burning: helium and carbon burning. All this will be accomplished thanks to a new 3.5 MV accelerator able to deliver high current beams of proton, helium and carbon which will start running under Gran Sasso in 2019.

Exploring Homogeneous Conditions for Mild Buchwald-Hartwig Amination in Batch and Flow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed K. Kashani ◽  
Jacob E. Jessiman ◽  
Stephen Newman
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Sonogashira Coupling ◽  
High Throughput Experimentation ◽  
Reac Tions ◽  
Base Application

We describe the use of high throughput experimentation to identify a number of conditions that enable Buchwald-Hartwig reactions to be carried out using readily available ligands (e.g. XantPhos) with DBU as a soluble, functional group tolerant, homogeneous base. Application of this system to diverse aminations in batch and flow are demonstrated, as is the translation of this technique to performing continuous Mizoroki-Heck and Sonogashira coupling reac-tions.

Detailed Mechanistic Pattern in Halogen Dance Reactions of Iodo-Thiophenes

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Sakhaee ◽  
Sahar Sakhaee ◽  
Esmail Doustkhah ◽  
Akbar mobaraki
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle ◽  
Reac Tions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Shed Light

Background:: Synthetic chemists have utilized base catalyzed halogen dance reactions, ever since its discovery by Bunnet et al. Many modifications under various conditions have enabled synthetic chemists to build substituted hetero-cyclic targets with rich structural diversity. Methods:: Using DFT-Cam-B3LYP/ land2dz computations and focused on Hannes Frohlich et al. Halogen dance reac-tions of iodothiophenes, a new iodo-bridged transition state is proposed. This iodo-bridged TS was then used to put forth 8 possible isomerization as well as 8 possible disproportionation paths. Results and Discussions:: All mechanistic pathways were then thoroughly investigated based on TS’s energy and protona-tion/deprotonation steps to find the most suitable pathways. Collectively these mechanistic pathways were joined like a jigsaw puzzle to yield, for the first-time, a comprehensive cascade-like pattern for base-catalyzed halogen dance in io-dothiophenes. Conclusion:: The present work may well shed light on a dynamic domino mechanism which may well dominate the or-ganic chemistry of iodothiophenyl anions. Trends like this may reveal mechanistic pathways in base digestion of halogen-ated aromatic compounds in CS2.

scholarly journals Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) reports of extended program immunization (EPI) in Indonesia during 1998-2002

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Nastiti Kaswandani ◽  
Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro ◽  
Rulina Suradi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Severity Classification ◽  
Reac Tions ◽  
Extended Program ◽  
Death Cases

Background The incidence of adverse events following immuni-zation (AEFI) increased in correlation with the number of vaccinedoses. Meanwhile AEFI reports should be managed properly tomaintain the compliance and immunization coverage.Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate the inci-dence and profile of AEFI, its onset, severity, classification, andoutcome.Methods This study was a passive surveillance of AEFI reportsreceived by the National Committee on AEFI, Ministry of Health ofIndonesia, during 1998 to 2002.Results Two hundreds and four AEFI cases were reported; 4 casesas zero reports, 182 cases as individual reports, and 18 clusterreports. The AEFI incidence was 0.44 per 1 million doses of vac-cines. Vaccine reaction rate was 1 per 2.3 million vaccine doses.The most common vaccines reported as the causes of AEFI wereDTP, Polio, and TT. Among 182 reported cases, local or mild AEFIreactions were observed in 45, moderate in 49, and severe in 88.Based on WHO field classification, this study reported that 84 casesbelonged to coincidence, 72 to vaccine reactions, 13 to program-matic errors, 7 to injection reactions, and 6 to unclassified reac-tions. Forty-seven patients died, 12 had some sequelae, and 123completely recovered. Meanwhile, among the death cases, 70%occurred coincidently, 17% due to vaccine reactions, and 6 wereunclassified.Conclusions The incidence of AEFI in the extended program im-munization (EPI) in Indonesia during the period of 1998-2002 were182 cases, thus vaccine reaction rate was 1 per 2.3 million vac-cine doses. The most common vaccine which caused AEFI wasDTP. Most AEFI with severe symptoms happened in 4-24 hoursafter immunization.

scholarly journals Mechanism and kinetics of the oxidation of synthetic α-NiS

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Strbac ◽  
Dragana Zivkovic ◽  
Ivan Mihajlovic ◽  
Boyan Boyanov ◽  
Zivan Zivkovic
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stability Diagrams ◽  
Calculation Process ◽  
Reac Tions ◽  
Desulfurization Process ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetic Investigations ◽  
Kinetics Of

The results of an investigation of the mechanism and kinetics of the oxidation process of synthetic ?-NiS are presented in this paper. The mechanism of ?-NiS oxidation was investigated based on the comparative analysis of DTA-TG-DTG and XRD results, as well as the constructed phase stability diagrams (PSD) for the Ni-S-O system. The kinetic investigations of the oxidation process were performed under isothermal conditions (temperature range 823-1073 K). The obtained degrees of desulfurization were used in the calculation process according to the Sharp model and the kinetic parameters, inclu?ding the activation energies and the rate constants of the characteristic reac?tions, for the oxidation of ?-NiS were determined. These results enabled the formulation of a kinetic equation for the desulfurization process: -ln (1 ? ?) = = k1? = 27.89 exp(-9860/T)?, with an activation energy of 82?4 kJ mol-1, for the first stage of the process and -ln (1 ? ?) = k2? = 1.177 exp(-4810/T)?, with an activation energy of 40?2 kJ mol-1, for the second stage.

HUMOR AS AN INSTRUMENTAL IDEA OF LANGUAGE EDUCATION IN THE FIELD OF POLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Voronova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Education ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Political Humor ◽  
Reac Tions ◽  
Aggressive Humor ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Individual

Humor on the topic of politics is an indicator of the speed of reac- tions, knowledge and ability to understand the situation that causes it, in the general political situation. Linking the content of training with humorous im- ages, quotes of famous politicians, it is appropriate to attract students’ attention, better fix the information in memory, thanks to joining of figurative and linguistic metaphors and comparisons that cause students to evoke emotions and laughter. Thus, humor is an ideal “breeding ground” to learn the content. The criteria for selecting the material for the lesson are the level of students ‘ awareness in the field of international politics, their outlook; the level of language competence; the level of understanding of the specifics of foreign language culture. A good knowledge of the sources of one’s examples allows to influence the audience unobtrusively, demonstrating the discovery of new connections between the phenomena. There is only one limitation to the use of political texts that include humor: aggressive humor can harm and demotivate students. to diversify the les- son, you can include visual humorous material, namely, political caricature Based on national stereotypes, humor reflects the cognitive specifics of the mentality, so it is very important to learn how to adequately perceive the jokes of repre- sentatives of other cultures. German political humor focuses on the individual characteristics and behavior of politicians. In Germany, comics, humorous TV shows, and political cartoons are popular. Witty statements of German politi- cians are recorded by media representatives on audio discs, in printed materials.

scholarly journals Treatment with proton pump inhibitors as a cofactor in adverse reactions of patients undergoing oral food immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Marta García Vega ◽  
Sara Bellón Alonso ◽  
Amelia Pérez España ◽  
Sergio José Quevedo Teruel ◽  
Sonia Fernández Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Oral Immunotherapy ◽  
Reac Tions ◽  
New Form ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Adverse Reac

Background and objectives: Based on previous studies revealing acid-suppression medication as a risk factor for food allergy tolerance induction, we aimed to establish the importance of those findings in patients undergoing oral immunotherapy (OIT).Materials and methods, results: We describe a case series of four patients who underwent milk OIT with a concomitant use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication and who developed anaphylaxis after a known, previously tolerated dose of milk.Conclusions: PPIs may act as a cofactor in patients undergoing OIT, triggering adverse reac-tions, irrespective of the PPI used or the dosage. It would be necessary to separate the admin-istration of drug from food intake.Since OIT is a new form of treatment, long-term adverse events arising from PPI treatment and other possible triggers are still uncertain. Consequently, monitoring of patient must be prolonged over time. Additional investigations on the influence of different drugs in OIT main-tenance phase are required.

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