Bioindication of Aerotechnogenic Pollution of Agricultural Landscapes Caused by the Activities of Industrial Hubs

The article provides the assessment of the levels of aerotechnogenic pollution caused by the emissions from stationary pollution sources of industrial agglomerations in Zhytomyr, taking into account climatic conditions that affect the dispersion and accumulation of pollutants in soils and vegetation cover of surrounding agricultural landscapes. The examination of dust accumulated on the surface of leaves showed that it contains high concentrations of Mn, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Cu. The bioindication method with the use of white-tip radishes was applied to estimate the extent of aerotechnogenic pollution. The results of the investigation testified to the high informativeness of the offered test objects. The indexes of soil saturation with heavy metals indicated the presence of intensive processes of their accumulation. As a consequence, this territory became unsuitable for agricultural production. The inhibition of growth of radish roots identified the toxicity level of the investigated technogenic substrates as medium and higher than average. Also, there is inverse close correlation relationship between the distance from the emission source and the soil phytotoxicity indicators in all the investigated directions.

Aerotechnogenic Pollution of Boreal Forests in Northern Europe

This paper discusses the changes that boreal forest ecosystems undergo under the influence of gaseous waste from the processing of non-ferrous ores on the Kola Peninsula. These communities are represented primarily by pine forests growing on the northern border of their range. The main forest-forming species here is Scots pine main components for this local aeronautical emission are polymetallic dust and sulfur dioxide, which is the main by-product during the roasting of sulfide and polysulfide ores. The studies were carried out on the basis of materials obtained at 6 sample plots located at different distances from the pollution source. As a result, an exponential increase in the content of heavy metals in the soil, as well as in the assimilatory organs of the components of these communities, was shown when approaching the source of pollution (this pattern is different for each of the metals). Regularities of negative changes in the structure of some components of plant communities, such as phytomass, projective cover of the lower layers, and the vital structure of the tree layer were also identified.

Assessment of the effect of aerotechnogenic pollution on male reproductive organs Convolvulus arvensis L.

The article presents the results of assessing the impact of airtechnogenic pollution on the male generative organs of Convolvulus arvensis L. The unfavorable effect of toxic emissions from the landfill of municipal solid waste and vehicles on the processes of microsporogenesis of the populations of Convolvulus arvensis L., which was expressed in the production of large abortive pollen, was established. It is recommended to use the male generative system of the populations of Convolvulus arvensis L. for bioindication of the quality of the state of the environment.

INFLUENCE OF EMISSIONS OF VEHICLE TRANSPORT ON SEED PROPERTY OF PINE ORDINARY

Исследовано качество семенного потомства сосновых насаждений, произрастающих в условиях аэротехногенного загрязнения автомобильным транспортом на трассе M3. The quality of seed offspring of pine plantations growing under the conditions of aerotechnogenic pollution by motor transport on the M3 highway was studied.

Investigation of the Influence of Aerotechnogenic Pollution on the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Plant-Soil System

It is shown that the chemical composition of the litter falls and wood of deciduous and coniferous trees is different. On the background of aerotechnogenic pollution, accumulation of individual heavy metals, an increase in ash content was noted. There was revealed the anthropogenic dynamics of the accumulation of heavy metals in the wood of trees: the maximum number during the period of diesel traction; as the railway site is electrified, the accumulation of elements decreases. The obtained data can be recommended to be used for phytoremediation at sites subject to pollution. The obtained data will be the basis for assessing the phytoextractive potential of woody plants, in diagnosing aero-technogenic pollution of the environment, solving the problem of reducing environmental risks, as well as during the modernization and planning of environmental measures in the field of railway infrastructure.

Some aspects of Scots pine forests monitoring in extreme conditions of the Kola North

Forest ecosystems located at the Northern limit of distribution in the Kola North are chronically affected by a variety of natural and anthropogenic factors, among which industrial atmospheric pollution is currently the main one. The spatio-temporal dynamics of structural and functional parameters of undisturbed middle-aged pine forests ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and forests exposed to chronic industrial emissions, which contain highly aggressive sulfur compounds in combination with heavy metals (Cu, Ni) was studied. Long-term studies have established that the current trends in the state of Scots pine communities in the background conditions are due to natural processes and intra-population relationships. At the beginning of our research (1982) vitalitetnye spectra of the dominant part of the pine populations differed absolute dominance of healthy individuals, pronounced positive asymmetry and peaked. By the end of observations (2014-2017) vitality distribution of individuals of the pine was transformed into full member, assymetrique moderately positive and moderately peaked. Aerotechnogenic pollution in the considered conditions of the Kola North is a significant factor determining the vital state of individual trees and stands in general, and near a large copper-nickel plant, it is the main factor that has an oppressive effect on individual trees and stands, and in some cases leads to the destruction of young communities of Scots pine. A significant reduction in atmospheric emissions by Severonikel in recent years causes a noticeable improvement in the living condition of pine forests, even in the area of heavy pollution.