FORMULASI, UJI STABILITAS FISIK DAN KOMPATIBILITAS PRODUK KOSMETIK ANTI-AGING DALAM SEDIAAN SERUM PUDDING

Serum adalah salah satu sediaan kosmetik berbentuk gel yang digunakan untuk produk anti-aging dan bentuk gel dari sediaan bisa dibuat lebih menarik sebagai variasi dari bentuk serum yang sudah ada. Maka dilakukan penelitian formulasi produk anti- aging dengan sediaan berbentuk serum yang mempunyai tekstur seperti Pudding. Formulasi menggunakan bahan baku polimer dengan konsentrasi 5% dengan perbedaan formula pada konsentrasi parfum. Hasil formulasi dilakukan uji sediaan berupa pemeriksaan organoleptik, pH, viskositas, kelembaban, after feel, rasa lengket, rasa panas, rasa gatal, Uji Stabilitas dan Uji Kompabilitas selama 12 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula yang tidak menggunakan parfum memberikan hasil stabilitas dan kompabilitas yang baik. Kata Kunci : Stabilitas Fisik, Kompatibilitas, Anti-Aging, Serum Pudding Serum is one of the gel-shaped cosmetic preparations used for anti-aging products and the gel form of the preparation can be made more attractive as a variation of the existing serum form. Then do research on anti-aging product formulations with serum-shaped preparations that have a texture like Pudding. The formulation uses a polymer raw material with a concentration of 5% with different formulas at the Perfume concentration. The results of the formulations were tested in the form of organoleptic tests, pH, viscosity, humidity, after feel, stickiness, burning sensation, itching, Stability Test and Compatibility Test for 12 weeks. The results show that formulas that do not use perfume provide good stability and compatibility results. Keywords: Stability Test, Compatibility Test, Anti-Aging, Pudding Serum

Anti-aging and Sunscreens: Paradigm Shift in Cosmetics

Skin, being one of the vital organs and a protective barrier needs to be pampered and taken care of from early childhood. It is the most visible and the widest exposed organ and by far reflects the general health condition and the aging process in humans. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to this complex biological process of skin aging. In recent times, skin health and its beauty is perceived as an indicator of one’s health which has resulted in an increasing demand for anti-aging products. Exposure to UV radiation is considered to be one of the factors responsible for aging termed as photoaging. In this review, we have discussed the various factors which may accelerate the process of skin aging. Various approaches and strategies to delay the process of skin aging have been emphasized upon. The patents filed in the area of anti-aging and sunscreen products have also been reviewed to gain an insight into the new formulations which have been developed as an anti-aging product. There has been a tremendous rise in the cosmetic and cosmeceuticals market with products having a dual activity of anti-aging and sun protection. Research is constantly on the rise to ensure the safety of these products. Alternatives to the current topical application of sunscreen are being considered to overcome the drawback of reapplication of the sunscreen often which can be a boon to the cosmeceutical market.

Cross-cultural comparison of consumer pre-purchase decision-making

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cultural differences in female consumers’ motivation to purchase appearance-enhancing products, particularly anti-aging creams. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a qualitative research design to collect the data. Focus group discussions were used. The participants were selected from Thai and Australian females, 25-45 years old in Melbourne representing the most frequent users of anti-aging products. Findings The results indicated variations among participants in their motivation to seek a better appearance. The motivation ranged from a combination of striving to achieve an ideal self and a high level of social acceptability through maintaining youthful appearance and improving on the perceived declining youthful appearance. Using anti-aging products turned out to be a means for taking care of oneself, achieving better social acceptability and improving self-image. These key motivations are inspired by the individual’s social condition and from the reactions they receive from others. These motivations are shared by all participants, but within different cultural perspectives. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is in relation to the true expression of attitudes by respondents, particularly in regard to the discussion of privately held beliefs about self-image, social acceptability and personal appearance. Additionally, the variations between cultural perceptions are only indicative of real differences between collectivist and individualistic cultures. Practical implications Managers can adopt a cultural framework for understanding their consumers’ motivations to enhance their appearance, formulate more accurately their marketing strategy and activate and satisfy their consumers’ demand and better inform their new product developments. Originality/value The analysis explains and compares the differences and similarities in female consumers’ motivations for anti-aging product consumption of two fundamentally different cultural value systems.

Carburization of Ethylene Pyrolysis Furnace Tube in a Petrochemical Plant

Carburization phenomena of the ethylene pyrolysis furnace tube made of 25Cr35NiNb alloy were investigated after service for approximate 30,000 h in a petrochemical plant. Three different zones, namely, oxidation zone, carburization zone, and aging product zone, were observed in the cross section of furnace tube by microscopic analysis. The oxidation zone near the inner surface has a thickness of about 700 μm and possesses the characterization of many loose pores and voids. The inner surface has a continuous thin Cr2O3 layer and the grain boundaries near the inner wall are mainly composed of mixed oxides of Cr2O3 and SiO2. In addition, segregation of impurities S and P was detected at grain boundaries. The dark gray SiO2 distributes in the front of the oxidation zone. Carbides distribute at grain boundaries in the carburization zone with lots of voids and micro cracks. The width of grain boundary is broadened. According to the experimental results, the initiation of cracks may be promoted by carbides at grain boundaries. The uneven distribution of the Cr element was found in the carburization zone, and direct experimental evidence of Cr element diffusion was detected. In the aging product zone, the carbides evolution was observed. The chromium carbides are composed of Cr7C3 and Cr23C6. The microstructure and composition evolutions of the furnace tube and their effects on service life of ethylene pyrolysis furnace tube were also discussed.

Carburization of Ethylene Pyrolysis Furnace Tube in a Petrochemical Plant

Carburization phenomena of the ethylene pyrolysis furnace tube made of 25Cr35NiNb alloy was investigated after service for approximate 30,000h in a petrochemical plant. Three different zones, namely oxidation zone, carburization zone and aging product zone, were observed in the cross section of furnace tube by microscopic analysis. The oxidation zone near the inner surface has a thickness of about 700μm and possesses the characterization of many loose pores and voids. The inner surface has a continuous thin Cr2O3 layer and the grain boundaries near the inner wall are mainly composed of mixed oxides of Cr2O3 and SiO2. In addition, segregation of impurities S and P were detected at grain boundaries. The dark grey SiO2 distributes in front of the oxidation zone. Carbides distribute at grain boundaries in the carburization zone with lots of voids and micro cracks. The width of grain boundary is broadened. According to the experimental results, the initiation of cracks may be promoted by carbides at grain boundaries. The uneven distribution of the Cr element was found in the carburization zone, and direct experimental evidence of Cr element diffusion was detected. In the aging product zone, the carbides evolution was observed. The chromium carbides are composed of Cr7C3 and Cr23C6. The microstructure and composition evolutions of the furnace tube and their effects on service life of ethylene pyrolysis furnace tube were also discussed in this paper.

The study of cellular cytotoxicity of argireline - an anti-aging peptide.

Argireline is well know, innovative anti-aging product used in the cosmetic market. This short chain peptide is used as active ingredient in dermal ointment and creams. Argireline prevents formation of skin lines and wrinkles in a very similar way to the botulinum toxin (Botox), inhibiting neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. Argireline does not require under skin muscle injections and it is believed to be relatively safe. However, despite the fact that some toxicity data has been provided by the product manufacturer, there is an evident lack of reliable information about cytotoxicity of argireline in the literature. The aim of the presented study was to estimate the antiproliferation effect of argireline solution in several concentrations. The influence of argireline on cellular proliferation was examined against: human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell line, human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cell line, and human primary skin fibroblasts. Tests were performed using formazan-based cell proliferation assay: EZ4U, which allows to measure the efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative activity in living cells. The argireline inhibitory concentration, IC50 values were calculated and the results were compared to the IC50 value of the reference compound: doxorubicin. In conclusion, the considered method resulted in dose-dependent argireline anti-proliferation effects. However, the significant cytotoxicity of argireline solution was observed under 18 to 10 000 fold higher concentrations (depending on cells that were examined) in comparison to doxorubicin.