Effect of Application of Different Exercise Intensities on Vitamin D and Parathormone in Children with Down’s Syndrome

Background. Children with Down’s syndrome are more liable to vitamin D deficiency. Treating this deficiency with supplements is associated with the risk of intoxication. Aim. The study is aimed at comparing the effect of two exercise intensities on the modulation of vitamin D and parathormone levels in children with DS. Methods. Forty-four DS male children aged from 8 to 12 years participated in the study. They were assigned randomly into two equal groups. Group I received high-intensity treadmill aerobic exercises, and group II received moderate-intensity T-AE, three times per week for three months. The blood samples were collected from both groups before the intervention, after one month of intervention, then after three months of intervention to assess serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels. Results. Repeated measure MANOVA revealed that the high-intensity T-AE induced a significant increase in 25(OH)D after one month and after three months while it significantly decreased PTH only after three months. Moderate-intensity T-AE had a nonsignificant effect on both hormones. Conclusion. The current study concluded that the high-intensity T-AE improved both vitamin D and parathormone serum levels after three months of intervention.

A-118 SCAT5 Cognitive Screening Performance by Athlete Sex: Implications for Clinical Interpretation

Objective To examine sex differences in performance on SCAT-5 Cognitive Screening indices. Method A multisport baseline sample was composed of 727 uninjured Division I collegiate athletes (52% female) who were administered the SCAT5 before the 2017–2018 seasons. Repeat baseline testing was completed by 273 uninjured athletes (48% female) at 1 year (days M = 352.56;SD = 56.03) who were then included in the repeated measure analyses. SCAT5 Cognitive Screening indices included the SAC Total, Immediate Recall, and Delayed Recall, at both baseline testing sessions. Results A 3-factor mixed repeated measure MANOVA (SCAT5 Cognitive Index x baseline administration x sex) was completed. Significant between-subject differences were noted across SCAT5 measures and baselines by sex (F(1, 271) = 26.38,p < .001,partialη2 = 0.09). Significant practice effects on all SCAT5 indices between Baseline administrations were observed for all athletes (F(1,271) = 103.68,p < .001,partialη2 = 0.28) and a small but significant interaction was noted where females demonstrated slightly larger practice effects than males (F(1,271) = 6.24,p = .015,partialη2 = 0.02). Descriptive statistics for SCAT Total highlight these findings: males (M = 34.10,SD = 5.10) and females (M = 36.05,SD = 4.66) at Baseline 1; males (M = 36.07,SD = 4.59) and females (M = 38.90,SD = 4.79) at Baseline 2. Conclusions Significant differences on the SCAT5 Cognitive Screening between male and female athletes were evident, with the females generally outperforming their male counterparts (medium effect). Substantial practice effects were noted for all athletes (large effect), with slightly larger practice effects noted for female athletes relative to males (small effect). These findings support the use of sex-specific SCAT5 normative data for interpretation, which may be of increased importance if using reliable change methodology requiring multiple administrations.

Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study examined the effects of cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia. A randomized controlled trial was performed on 44 women. The intervention included one group session of sleep hygiene education and four individual sessions of counseling. The instruments included the Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and Menopausal quality of life. The data were analyzed using repeated measure MANOVA, followed by repeated measure ANOVA. Repeated measure MANOVA showed that time had a significant main effect on the anthropometric variables (body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressures) and revealed significant main effects of the group and time on the psychosocial variables (sleep quality, insomnia, depressive symptoms, and quality of life) ( p < .05). Repeated measure ANOVA results indicated a significant effect of the group on insomnia and sleep quality ( p < .05). Overall, the intervention was effective in improving insomnia and poor sleep quality.

Energy Cost and Energy Sources of an Elite Female Soccer Player to Repeated Sprint Ability Test: A Case Study

Intense physical efforts performed at maximal or near-maximal speeds and the ability to recover among sprint are important characteristics of soccer player. Considering that women's soccer is a markedly growing sport, the aim of the study was to analyse the performance (total time &ndash;TT-; fatigue index percentage -IF%) and physiological (aerobic and anaerobic) responses to Repeated Sprint Ability Test (RSA, 7&times;30 m sprints with 25 s of active recovery among sprints) in an elite female player (age: 30 yrs; BMI: 20.3 kg/m2). A repeated measure MANOVA over the 7 sprints time series was applied (p &lt; 0.05). Results showed that TT was 58.71 s (Ideal Time: 56.98 s) with IF% of 3.0%. Energy contributions were given for 80.3% by aerobic, 19.2% by anaerobic lactid, and 0.5% by anaerobic alactid sources. Considering that 1) we have different kinetics in heart rate (HR) and maximum oxygen uptake with oxygen uptake that reach the peak when HR is still rising, and 2) the energy consumption during intermittent exercises requires different metabolism as a result of physiological stimuli proposed, the present findings substantiate the need to choose specific and adequate training methods for female soccer players that aim at increasing their RSA performances.