Compositional Solutions(in the double sense of the word)

Extending from the early 1980s to the mid-2000s, chapter 4 opens with what thus far in the book has remained subjected to officialdom—the Holocaust. The chapter explores several simultaneous aesthetic modes through which composers and authors confronted the Holocaust in Israel during the late twentieth century. Their formulations ranged from compliance with and duplication of statist views of the Holocaust as a counter-metaphor for political sovereignty to choices opting for exilic imports that garble national encoding and refuse redemption. Composers who distanced themselves from statist triumphalism affirmed the migration of contrafacta traveling political borders, national territorial tropes, and identitarian constructs. Qualities of this kind signaled a new stage in which Jewish exiles became a constituent feature in composers’ modernist agendas while the national soundboard was muted. A final discussion develops this thesis through Andre Hajdu and Betty Olivero’s “solutions” of ethnographic imports.

Introduction

This book seeks to understand how the need to respond to film has become a constituent feature in the ongoing development of the novel. It suggests that such fascination with film played out against the backdrop of a growing discourse about the novel's respectability. As the modern novel was increasingly venerated as a genre of aesthetic refinement and moral purpose, authors frequently turned their attention to film: a medium enviable not for the successes it achieved but for the lapses of taste it made obtrusive, and for the contradictions of address that it had the power to make attractive. In this impacted logic (and panic) of media transition, novelists came to credit narrative practices as yet undefined and unassimilated within literary tradition. In this, their texts respond to the felt devaluation of art in a transforming public culture which could seem at moments to be leaving the novel behind.

A stitch in time: Instructing temporality in the operating room

This paper examines how time is made explicitly relevant in the way the attending surgeon monitors and corrects the performance of a resident during a kidney transplant surgery. In so doing, we observe how the attending constitutes time as a significant and constituent feature of the surgical actions performed by the resident. In order to instruct temporal competence in the performance of surgical procedures, the attending surgeon identifies and makes instructably observable the temporally significant features of the surgical work just as that work is performed, by (a) producing countdowns, pace prompts, and temporal accounts when and as avoidable errors occur, and (b) planning and coordinating current and upcoming actions in relation to other actions. Instructing a trainee in the temporal features of his/her performance occurs when the attending (a) coordinates the production of specific verbal tokens, remarks, and accounts with specific actions performed by the resident as the resident performs them, or (b) anticipates the performance of subsequent actions in relation to current surgical actions underway. This case demonstrates how temporality becomes an observably instructable matter in interaction.

Nusikalstamos veikos sudėties požymio samprata ir ją lemiantys veiksniai

Straipsnyje analizuojama nusikalstamos veikos sudėties požymio teorinė problematika. Aptariama bendroji požymio samprata, nusikalstamos veikos sudėties požymio panašumai ir atskyrimas nuo požymių, apibūdinančių nusikalstamą veiką, sudarančių baudžiamojo įstatymo straipsnio ar baudžiamosios teisės normos dalis, taip pat sistemiškai išskiriami veiksniai, labiausiai formuojantys ir lemiantys nusikalstamos veikos sudėties požymio turinį. Tarp tokių veiksnių minimi ir išsamiai aprašomi teisės technikos, formaliojo nullum crimen sine lege principo, teisės aiškinimo ir jo ribų reikalavimai.The article analyzes the theoretical issues of the constituent feature of the body of criminal act. The author discusses about the general conception of the feature, the similarities and differences between the constituent features of the body of criminal act and the features of the article, the rule of law and the offence. There are also systematically identified the main factors that mostly affect the content of the feature in the article. Among these factors there are mentioned and described in detail the requirements of the legal technique, the formal principle of nullum crimen sine lege, the interpretation of law and its limits.

Converging on Generation: Musicking in Normalized Czechoslovakia

By examining selected convergence zones as mechanisms of generation within a non-official cultural space, I seek to show how actors used malleable resources to articulate music with social life during the late 1970s to the early 1980s in Czechoslovakia. This article problematizes generation by examining how, rather than in terms of an age gap, new arenas of being and thinking emerged in the 1980s having been generated from previously accumulated aesthetic and social resources of amateur, semi-official, and non-official musical streams in the 1970s. It also argues that habitual forms of 'musicking' and musicality are deeply implicated in an actor's agency when linked with non-official sets of practices and are a constituent feature of collectives.

Sociologiens nutidige krise: Hvordan undgår vi falsk pluralisme?

The present crisis in sociology: a way beyond spurious pluralism? At the end of the 20th century the state of sociology gives cause for serious con¬cern. The main reasons for this concern can be stated in three features of contem¬porary sociology: First, there is a manifest lack of integration of research and theory. This is a long-standing difficulty, but what makes it worse today than pre¬viously is, that it is now less often seen as a serious problem. Second, there is an evident collective failure among sociolo¬gists to decide just what kind of discip¬line sociology is or ought to be. For some sociology should aim to be a social scien¬ce and to have therefore well-defined links with other social sciences, such as economics and political science, and al¬so human sciences. For others such aspi¬rations represent an outmoded ”posi¬tivsm”. If sociology is to be thought of as a social science at all then it must be one of a distinctive kind; and the crucial inter¬disciplinary links should be with cer¬tains kinds of philosophy and with cul¬tural studies. Third and finally, there is disagreement about how the disagree¬ments on the nature of sociology should itself be viewed. Despite the state of intellectual disar¬ray today´s sociology has some signifi¬cant achievements which can be charac¬terised as success stories and two are mentioned in the article. The first suc¬cess story is about the quantitative soci¬al research: more specifically, research that involves both data collection and da¬ta analysis that are based on statistical methods and on the theory of probability. Through statistical modelling know¬ledge about important social regularities has been established and these social re¬gularities are of major theoretical signi¬ficance. The modelling has typically ena¬bled sociologists to separate out more clearly than before what are the probabi¬litic regularities inherent in complex da¬ta-sets. The second success story of sociology is that of the theory of social action. Today, if we want to have an effective kind of sociological theory then it will be a theory of social action of some kind or other. Two developments lead to this conclu¬sion. The first is the evident collapse of functionalist theory over the last two to three decades. For functionalism to have explanatory power it is necessary that the systems which are taken as the units of analysis should exists in a selective environment; i. e. there must be the possi¬bility that the systems will in some sense fail to survive. Then it becomes possible to explain their constituent feature by re¬ference to their ”survival value”. This ap¬proach underlines the need for sociologi¬cal explannation to have a ”micro-foun¬dation”: i.e. to comprise not only ”macro¬-to-micro” link but a ”micro-to-macro” link as well. We need to return to the in¬dividualistic tradition in sociology. The second argument goes as following: Wi¬thin the individualistic tradition, theory based on the concept of action has in fact shown much greater promise than the main alternative has: i. e. theory based on the concept of behaviour. The attempts to revitalise the individualistic tradition via the theory of social action has proved rewarding and it seems to be around rational action theory that we may best try to build up a more general theory of social action. Through the statistical modelling ba¬sed on data collection and the theory of probability on the one hand and through developing a theory of rational social ac¬tion within the individualistic tradition on the other hand we might be able to overcome the present difficulties of socio¬logy as a science.

Complementary currencies: a prospect on money from a retrospect on premodern practices

Debasement has generally been condemned as a defect of premodern money, that was eventually amended by the institution of the gold standard. Building on monetary history and thought from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, this article argues that debasement was instead an instrument designed to maintain the metal standard where it was needed, in the circuit of long-distance trade, while preserving the possibility of an autonomous distribution within local economies. The theoretical distinction between monetary functions (measure and means of exchange) was made effective by the articulation of ideal and real money (via debasement and enhancement), providing complementary economic areas with complementary currencies. Moreover, the distinction between monetary functions also appears as a constituent feature of money from the perspective of a reappraisal of the milestones of monetary thought, from Smith to Keynes.

Measured properties of the Antarctic ice sheet derived from the SCAR Antarctic digital database

The completion of the SCAR Antarctic digital database (ADD) has provided a new basis for statistical calculations for Antarctica: data-sets are available at the scale of the original source material, and generalised to 1:1,000,000, 1:3,000,000, 1:10,000,000, and 1:30,000,000. The new descriptive statistics presented are based on the ADD 1:1,000,000 data-set since this is the largest scale at which source maps provided complete cover of the coastline and ice-free areas. The statistics include the total length and proportions of coastline types and the total area of Antarctica with the proportions of its constituent feature types. The areas of the Ross and Filchner-Ronne ice shelves have also been computed. Whilst the total area of Antarctica has remained static compared with previous studies, the relative proportions of coastline types and constituent feature types within the total area show significant changes. In particular the calculated area of ice-free ground is only approximately one-seventh of that often quoted from previous studies. The changes reported result from improved mapping, reinterpretation of data, and actual changes of coastline.