Development of the Approximating Functions Method for Problems in a Planar Waveguide with Constant Polarization

Article introduces an extension of the approximating functions method, a particular case of the finite element method (FEM) with interpolating functions in the form of Lagrange polynomials of a special form, to solve electrodynamics problems in a planar waveguide with constant polarization in the spatial-temporal domain using the Volterra integral equation method. The main goal of the article is to expand the area of ​​applicability of this method to three-dimensional problems in a planar waveguide with constant polarization, as well as to obtain general interpolation expressions in analytical form, which will be used to construct a system of nonlinear equations for solving specific problems.

First Observation of an X-Ray Beam Following a New Geodesic When Gravitational Waves Deform Space-Time

By using X-rays of a linear accelerator (LINAC Siemens X rays, 6 MeV) for medical use, we were able to measure gravitational waves, GW, (amplitude = 56:385mm, frequency =1 = 3Hz, velocity = c and polarization) and its threedimensional effect on X-ray trajectories. The collimated X-ray beam, which is in the plane (X; Y); travels on the Z axis at the speed of light in air and passing through the machine isocenter, until it reaches the target and, ultimate, is recorded in a radiographic film. Apparently, there is an exceptional coincidence in the operation of LINAC and the presence of GW. This coincidence occurred in VIRGINIA, GPS (38.634 351 1, -77.282 523 9), UTC (12/06/2011: 12: 56: 01). This important event, but not sui generis, was recorded in the LINAC computer system, on a film for radiography, in the log file of the cancer treatment center and it was reported to SIEMENS in order to try to find an explanation of a possible hardware failure, some abnormality or any software issue. The physicist and Siemens service engineer on site concluded that such event should never happened because LINAC was not malfunctioning. Consequently, for the X-rays, there was a deviation of the isocenter of the LINAC (△X = (11:5 ± 0:5)mm, △Y = (48 ± 0:5)mm), by the action of the amplitude of GW. The tolerance of a LINAC is lower than these measurements, and the equipment will stop working if they are greater than ±1:0mm for isocenter (zero position) and ±2:0mm for other collimator leaf positions. Therefore, this constitutes a register of space-time alteration with a consequent variation of the path of the X-ray beam. Finally, the registered gravitational waves leave invariant the angle between the axes (X; Y), of the X-ray beam, indicating a constant polarization.

Neutrino evolution in dense matter and electromagnetic field

Neutrino evolution in dense matter and electromagnetic field is studied within quantum-field theoretical description on the base of a modification of the Standard Model, where the neutrinos are combined in S U(3)-multiplets. A quantum wave equation for neutrino in matter and electromagnetic field is obtained. In quasi-classical approximation a general method for calculating the probabilities of different spin-flavor transitions of neutrino in constant homogeneous field and moving matter with constant polarization is developed. In two-flavor model the explicit form of the solutions is obtained in constant electromagnetic field taking into account the transition magnetic moments. The obtained spin-flavor transition probabilities are compared to the results for unpolarized moving matter.

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BMN–BASE PIEZOELECTRIC THIN FILM PREPARED BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS

The 0.65Ba(Mg1/3,Nb2/3)O3-0.35BaTiO3 thin films was deposited on glass/aluminum substrates by using spray pyrolysis method. The effect of annealing temperature on perovskite phase and crystalline structure analysis of the BMN-BT films was performed on an X-ray diffraction (XRD). Surface morphology, roughness and particle size of the BMN-BT thin films was characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Polarization hysteresis measurements was performed at different temperatures. From the P–E hysteresis loops one can observe the best temperature that led to improved properties of dielectric constant, polarization and piezoelectric coefficients were 600°C.

THE RAMAN EFFECT AND SOLITONS IN AN ELLIPTICAL OPTICAL FIBER

We derive a general system of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, describing light in a bimodal optical fiber, taking into account the quasi-instantaneous Raman effect, group-velocity birefringence, phase-velocity birefringence, and optical activity, and for light with general ellipticity. The Raman coefficients prove to obey a relation which depends on the ellipticity. When group-velocity birefringence and optical activity are both non-zero, polarization couples to the changing frequency, so soliton polarization cannot be held constant in this case. Without optical activity, there are solitons with constant polarization either entirely in one polarization (“simple”) or equally divided between the two polarizations (“vector”). At ellipticity angle 0° to 35.3°, the simple solitons are stable and the vector solitons are unstable, and vice versa for ellipticity angle 35.3° to 90°. With optical activity, the polarization can be constant, but with a rather more complex form. Stability is also examined, and bistability is found in some circumstances.