Crack Formation in Metal Structures of Heavy Dump Trucks during Operation at Kuzbass Open Pit Mines

The results of crack formation monitoring in metal structures of BelAZ heavy dump trucks during their operation at Kuzbass open-casts are given in the article. Possible causes and areas of the crack-like defects formation during operation of heave dump trucks at depths greater than 300 m are considered. The assembly units and elements of heave dump trucks and the areas of the highest total stresses are determined by solid modeling, strength analysis and monitoring of the condition of metal structures under production conditions. The law of crack length development in the areas of the transaxle-housing component and the fastening of the hydraulic cylinder depending on the number of loading cycles is established. The stresses dependence arising in the structural elements of heavy dump trucks during operation under various loads, on the number of loading cycles to failure, is presented.

Energy Interconnection between Rock Mass Transportation and Destruction of Rear Axles Structural Sections of BelAZ Mining Dump Trucks

The paper presents analytical formulae of the transportation en- ergy of blasted rock mass depending on the route slopes. The figures are obtained for mining dump trucks with a carrying capacity of up to 55 tons, from 55 to 130 tons and from 130 to 320 tons. In addition, analytical for- mulae are presented for the total destructive energy of the structural section elements of dump trucks depending on the longitudinal slope of the route. The work uses the parameters of crack-like defects that are formed on the rear axle housing component of BelAZ heavy dump trucks. The energy de- pendences of the transportation and destruction processes for mining trucks of various carrying capacities are given. An energy joint diagram has also been constructed, which allows determining the maximum allowable val- ues of the transportation energy of the rock mass and the destruction of the structural section elements for given route slopes.

Jig and fixture Redesign for Main Bearing Housing Component

Main bearing housing is one of the gear transmission product components. The production process of this component needs to be repaired. The repair process is carried out on the fixture construction used today. Redesign is done as one of the solution to improve of the existing fixture design. The measurement results of the products that are machined with the existing fixture are still not in accordance with the requirements of the released product drawing. This is thought to occur because of an error in determining the operating procedur of the machining process that has an impact on the design of the fixture, especially in determining the reference to each machining processes carried out. Therefore, the new fixture needs to be designed so that the resulting product can fit the drawing demands. The repair process is carried out through a gradual study that refers to the methodology of the SME in order to be systematic and structured. Each stage of the design is carried out in detail starting from the study of product analysis, machining analysis, machine analysis, operator analysis and economic analysis. Based on the results of a product analysis study, a new machining process sequence has been produced. The new fixture design has been produced based on this sequence of machining processes. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the results of the redesign of the fixture repair show the conditions that are in accordance with the demands of the product images of the main bearing housing

Area-level relative deprivation and alcohol use in Denmark: Is there a relationship?

Aims: Greater area-level relative deprivation has been related to poorer health behaviours, but studies specifically on alcohol use and abuse have been equivocal. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate how area-level relative deprivation in Denmark relates to alcohol use and misuse in the country. Methods: As individual-level data, we used the national alcohol and drug survey of 2011 ( n= 5133). Data were procured from Statistics Denmark to construct an index of relative deprivation at the parish level ( n=2119). The deprivation index has two components, which were divided into quintiles. Multilevel linear and logistic regressions analysed the influence of area deprivation on mean alcohol use and hazardous drinking, as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. Results: Men who lived in parishes designated as ‘very deprived’ on the socioeconomic component were more likely to consume less alcohol; women who lived in parishes designated as ‘deprived’ on the housing component were less likely to drink hazardously. But at the individual level, education was positively related to mean alcohol consumption, and higher individual income was positively related to mean consumption for women. Higher-educated men were more likely to drink hazardously. Conclusions: Area-level measures of relative deprivation were not strongly related to alcohol use, yet in the same models individual-level socioeconomic variables had a more noticeable influence. This suggests that in a stronger welfare state, the impact of area-level relative deprivation may not be as great. Further work is needed to develop more sensitive measures of relative deprivation.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KOMPONEN PERMUKIMAN DAN KEBERHASILAN METODE BANK SAMPAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH BERKELANJUTAN DI KOTA SURAKARTA

<p><em>Garbage was one of the environmental problems. As time goes by, garbage has become that cause new problems like water pollution</em><em>, air </em><em>pollution, flood and others. Most of people seeing garbage as unused items that cannot work and then system of garbage management by government did not function properly. </em></p><p><em>Today begins to develop a sustainable garbage management with community role to managing garbage. One of the part of sustainable garbage management is garbage bank method. In sustainable garbage management method particularly with garbage bank must be adjusted and considered by environmental conditions local settlements in order to successfu</em><em>l</em><em>, the aspect related to housing components such as physical environment, economy, community, law, culture and the availability of utilities have an important relation in the development of sustainable garbage management.</em></p><p><em>T</em><em>his research wants to know what is relationship between housing components and success of garbage bank method on sustainable garbage management, and the next step is identfy housing components and success of garbage bank in two area, RW IX Kelurahan Kadipiro and RW II Kelurahan Gajahan with scoring analyse and finally do the crosstab analyse to determine the relationship between both of them. </em><em></em></p><p><em>The conclusion is a housing components with individual aspect such as nature, society, shell and network have important relation with the success of garbage bank method. This research is to identfy the housing components and success of garbage bank method in two case studies, so we can determine the relationship between both of them in RW IX Kelurahan Kadipiro and RW II Kelurahan Gajahan, Surakarta.</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> sustainable garbage management, garbage bank, housing component</em><em>s</em></p>

Testing Estimates of Housing Cost Differences among US Metropolitan Areas

This paper investigates the accuracy of six measures of housing cost differences among US metropolitan areas. Using Census data from 177 metropolitan areas, it tests the measures in two ways. First, it tests the ability of changes in the measures to predict changes in the shelter component of the metropolitan CPI from 1990 to 2000. Second, it tests the ability of the measures themselves to predict a proxy in 2000. A measure based on Fair Market Rents calculated by HUD placed second on the first test but did badly on the second. The housing component of the ACCRA index, a living cost measure frequently used by researchers, performed poorly on both tests. The top performer on both tests was a measure based on the average rent per room for a metropolitan area’s dwellings. Researchers wishing to control for living cost differences among places should consider including it in their living cost index.

Design of an Endoscopic Micro Optical Part for Fabrication With Micro Two Shot Injection Moulding

Micro two shot injection moulding (μtwo shot IM) is a manufacturing process capable of simultaneously replicating two polymeric parts and assembling them; removing the requirement for costly micro assembly. Endoscopes are used in medical environments to observe areas that are otherwise unobservable. μTwo shot IM has the potential to simultaneously replicate and assemble polymer lenses for endoscope imaging and assembling them to their required housing. In view of this, this paper contributes a case study part for application of μtwo shot injection moulding in the fabrication of an endoscopic micro optical component. This paper covers several aspects involved in the design of such a part. This novel design concept consists of an optical component and a housing component moulded sequentially on top of each other using μtwo shot IM. The lens component consisted of three lenses with a common base moulded as the first shot. The second shot moulded on onto the optical component was the housing component incorporating an external thread for interchangeability. From a material selection exercise it was concluded that cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) shall be used as the optical material and polyoxymethylene (POM) shall be used as the housing material. One major concern in the design of such a part is the deformation of the optical material by the housing material due to softening via heat transfer. Simulations of such a scenario were carried out and it was indicated that the functionality of the optical material shall not be compromised.