SLOPE STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF THE UPSTREAM SLOPE OF THE DRY MOUNTAIN FLOOD CONTROL RESERVOIR DURING THE FLOOD

The flood control is one of the priority goal for successful economic activity on the areas that are periodically suffer from floods. Such areas are the mountainous regions of the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains. Floods on the mountain rivers are repeated several times each year, and are characterized by the sudden water level rise with almost the same rapid decrease of the water level. Active flood protection measures include dry mountain flood control reservoirs, the principle of which is to transform part of the flood runoff and to accumulate water for the short time in the the artificial reservoir, with followed rapid emptying to the minimum level. The complex hydraulic regime is formed in the body of the dam which forms the flood control reservoir during the flood, that is different from the operation of the water permanent reservoir. The design of the flood control structures is car-ried out in accordance with Ukrainian building codes for the construction of the water reservoirs with constant water level, and require testing the stability of the downstream slope for the maximum water levels under steady state seepage conditions and assessment the upstream slope stability during the water level decreasing from the maximum level calculated in the steady state condition, these calculations do not correspond to the real seepage processes in the body of the dam of the dry flood control reservoir. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to determine the necessary boundary conditions of the flood control reservoir operation and upstream slope stability assessment by the limit equilibrium method. In the article the operation of the dry mountain flood control reservoir was analysed and found that the dam was characterized by two states: dry reservoir with water minimum water level and variable position of the seepage curve in the core and the upstream prism during the flood. The main factors influencing the upstream slope stability are the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, the laying of the slope, the period of time when the high-water level is maintained and the intensity of water level dropping. The upstream slope stability was evaluated by the Morgenstern & Price and Ordinary methods on the Slope/w software package. After the first 25 hours of the flood (period of high-water levels and the next water level dropping) the Safety Factor evaluated by limit equilibrium methods began to decrease, and reached the minimum value during the greatest seepage curve gradients at the time between 45 and 50 hours. Slope stability calculations by the limit equilibrium method were compared with the results of calculations performed by the SRM method, the values ​​of the Safety Factor and the way of their change during the flood evaluated by Ordinary and SRM methods almost coincide, which indicates the reliability of the results obtained by different methods of slope stability analysis

The effect of maximum iteration using 3 dimensional limit equilibrium method in open pit mine

Nickel ore mines have a high potential of landslides due to their weak material base, which consists of soil. It is caused by the increase of soil density in rain conditions, leading to decreased soil shear strength (c) and internal friction angle (ϕ). This research aims to determine the optimum value of the maximum iteration number based on the Cuckoo Search and Particle Swarm Optimization search method. In this research, the slope is analyzed using the 3 Dimensional limit equilibrium method “Simplified Bishop,” a slope stability analysis method that uses the principle of static equilibrium. Alongside this method, the Cuckoo Search and Particle Swarm Optimization is adopted. The Cuckoo Search and Particle Swarm Optimization are metaheuristic optimization techniques used as the slipped surface search method. Series of 3-dimensional limit equilibrium computation is performed using different amounts of nests in the cuckoo search method and different particle values and maximum iteration number. Cuckoo Search method to achieve optimal nest 100 and iteration of 80 with the fastest compute time of 3 minutes 49 seconds. While the Particle Swarm Optimization to achieve optimal on particles 60, iteration as much as 480 with a compute time of 6 minutes 46 second, with a factor of safety value of 1,12.

Seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footing embedded in slope resting on two-layered soil

In this paper, the limit equilibrium method with the pseudo-static approach is developed in the evaluation of the influence of slope on the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation. Particle swarm optimisation (PSO) technique is applied to optimise the solution. Minimum bearing capacity coefficients of shallow foundation near slopes are presented in the form of a design table for practical use in geotechnical engineering. It has been shown that the seismic bearing capacity coefficients reduce considerably with an increase in seismic coefficient. Be sides, the magnitude of bearing capacity coefficients decreases further with an increase in slope inclination.

SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT OF RATU BOKO SITE YOGYAKARTA UNDER EARTHQUAKES LOADING

The Ratu Boko site is a cultural heritage that has a high historical value and located about 30 kilometers to the east of Yogyakarta. Instability of the slope occurred due to the Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006, and it was indicated by the occurrence of cracks in the resto building that built on the top of the hill. The first reinforcement of the columns and foundations of the outside building was used a reinforced concrete that built-in 2012. The similar reinforcement on the inside building column and foundation was finished in 2017. In this research the displacement of the reinforced foundation, and slope stability generally both in safety factor and deformation were evaluated. The deformation and displacement analysis of the foundation were solved using Finite Element Analysis. On the other hand, for the safety factor of the slope, Limit Equilibrium Method was used. The simulation is divided into several stages, starting from the existing condition, after the first and second reinforcement, and also after increasing load due to development plan. Based on the numerical simulation, the horizontal displacement on the foundation of Plaza Andrawina decreases after the first and second reinforcement was installed. The horizontal displacement is significantly decreased in both foundations for 9.44 mm and 8.03 mm. Furthermore, the safety factor of the slope increases after the first and second reinforcement was installed. The slope safety factor using a maximum acceleration of 0.30g is 1.318. These obtained results are relatively safe from slope failures

Stability Assessment of Dangerous Rock Mass of an Overhanging Slope in Puerdu Town, Southwestern China

Dangerous rock mass in the overhanging slope of Puerdu town has good free-face condition, high position, and great potential energy, identification and stability evaluation of which is a difficult problem in the disaster prevention. In this paper, the limit equilibrium method was used to evaluate the dangerous rock mass stability in the overhanging slope. Firstly, geomorphic characteristics and the distribution of dangerous rock mass are determined by the field geological survey. Secondly, six dangerous rock masses which may cause more threat are studied, with defining their failure modes and characteristic parameters. Finally, a simplified geological model is established, the stability coefficient of dangerous rock mass under different conditions is calculated by the limit equilibrium method, at the same time, stability analysis of dangerous rock mass is carried out based on the stereographic projection, and the hazard probability is estimated by the empirical formula. Results show that joints obviously developed in the dangerous rock mass of W1, W2, W3, W4, W5, and W6, with falling-type and toppling-type failure modes. In the natural condition, the dangerous rock mass is understable and unstable under the rainstorm and earthquake conditions. Consequently, rainstorm and earthquake are the key triggering factors of the instability and collapse of dangerous rock mass.

INVESTIGATION OF POTENTIAL LANDSLIDES DUE TO LIQUEFACTION ON THE BALAROA ROAD SECTION USING THE LIMIT EQUILIBRIUM METHOD

The earthquake that occured on September 28, 2018 in Palu city triggered liquefaction. Balaroa is one of the affected locations by liquefaction. The Balaroa area has several landslides including the road section which causes slopes to form. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential of landslides due to liquefaction on the Balaroa road section based on numerical modeling using the limit equalibrium method. This study was carried out on the Balaroa road section, which is geographically located in West Palu sub district, Palu City, Central of Sulawesi Province. The slope stability analysis models three locations that are prone to landslides using the limit equalibrium method assisted by Slide 7.0 program.The results show that the safety factor value of those three locations on the Balora road section using methods of Ordinary, Bishop and Janbu is FS<1, it indicates that the slope is in unsafe condition and prone to lanslides, therefore it needs to be taken into consideration by government