Roof-mounted photovoltaic generator temperatue modeling based on common brazil roofing materials

This paper examines the performance of solar photovoltaic generators on roofs of residential buildings. The primary focus is the loss of performance due to temperature increase as function of roof material and the distance from the photovoltaic (PV) generator to the roof. A heat transfer model has been developed to predict PV module temperature, and the equations of the model were solved using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. The research modeling correlates the distance of the solar generator to the roof and the roofing material with the temperature variations in the PV generator. There are many models to predict PV module temperature, but this study refines the prediction by the distance from PV module to roof and the roofing material as variables. Optimal combinations of distance and materials that minimize the heating loss in the solar generator leading to increased electrical power generation. Results show an average error of 3%–4% from the temperature predicted by the model to the temperature measured under experimental conditions in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The minimum roof-module separation required to ensure minimal PV performance loss from heating from the roof is ∼10 cm for red ceramic and cement fiber roofs. For galvanized steel, the optimal distance is between 20 cm and 30 cm. Cement fiber shows the best predicted and measured characteristics for PV-panel roof mounting among the 3-common commercial roofs evaluated in these studies. These investigations were based on roof installations and local materials in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Ensuring Energy Safety of the Biological Separation Shop

The article considers ways to solve the problem of ensuring the energy safety of separation workshops of biological industries using the example of the Armavir Biofabrika PKP. The existing power limit does not allow increasing output. At the same time, a sufficient level of electricity supply at the existing facilities of the biofabric will allow to double the output of finished products practically. You can solve this problem using additional or redundant power sources, as well as high-efficiency electrical equipment. One solution to the problem may be to use the developed synchronized axial two-way contactless wind-solar generator and separator for polydisperse liquid systems. The designed generator will transform wind and solar energy into AC electricity, while it can be synchronized with an external three-phase AC system. Separator uses inevitable heat loss of asynchronous motor to preheat separated product.

A Multi Energy Source UPS System using IOT

This paper presents the Multi energy source UPS system using IOT. This concept is very useful for the customers who want to achieve UPS (uninterruptible power supply) from various sources like solar, generator, main, and Battery Powered. This System will work Automatically or the user can Switch (manually) the Sources through wireless IOT platform.

The Description of “Temperature Self-Limiting” in Jordanian Solar Generators with Natural Cooling

This study helps to make the sustainability of the experiential system reg of solar generator device better, particularly the unexpected inactiveness of drainage liquid throughout the solar system which is generating power. Stagnation situations can be disastrous for solar system units. Various methods to mitigating the consequences of the stagnation state have been established and tested. Some suggested approaches are not appropriate for all device designs and implementations. The tested reg generator systems in experiments can continue to work although the collector of the piping system is cut off. furthermore, the absorber layer is a challenge because it absorbs general solar incandesce regardless of cell temperature, causing the piping system to become inactive. This research depicts the experiential data that was tracked and mentioned in dealing with stagnation. The hydrodynamic flowing in the experiential solar generator was simulated using rigid flow. The measuring and processing of the data allowed the identification of excessive heat and stagnation issues in real-world operating environments. Daily, the test logging data of the prototype reg device was monitored to guide the incipience of inactivity and excessive heat. Most items have been utilized in the study; solenoid check valve and the Reflux Pipe in the Check Valves have been utilized as primary control items within the experimental reg unit, while normal cooling was utilized as the subaltern control element. Under stagnation phases, an air path is installed at the rear of the absorber to cool it normally. In general, there are agreement between the experimental and simulation results.

Planning and Optimization of a Multipurpose Farm Using Renewable Energies (Solar) in Yaoundé (Cameroon)

The instability of Cameroon's electricity network leads to recurrent power outages, which constitute a significant obstacle to socio-economic activity in the region [3]. This is also the case for the agricultural activities carried out by the GIC PROSER in the MEYO area of Yaoundé. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate a solution approach for an ecologically sustainable and relatively self-sufficient solar energy supply by GIC-PROSER, thus creating a prototypical model for other farms. For this purpose, a detailed calculation of the annual energy demand was performed. A first investigation was done in order to find out the potential of wind energy, but the wind speeds are not sufficient to provide enough electrical energy due to the location of the farm. Subsequently, a thorough and optimized planning of a solar generator was made, taking into account the solar radiation data of the area. Finally, an approximate of the economic efficiency calculation of this ecological generator was shown. This results in an annual demand of 25,647 kWh/a with a peak load of 12.8 kW. On the roofs of two farm buildings, 49 solar modules with 600 W each are to be installed, resulting in an output of about 29.4 kW. The solar generator (AC grid) provides an annual energy of almost 38,794 kWh. About 32% of this energy is consumed directly by the electrical equipment on the farm. About 55% can be used for battery charging. The annual surplus of produced energy, about 4,131.90 kWh, is fed directly into the grid. This leads to a degree of autonomy of 90%. This solar system costs about 16,000,000 FCFA (24,425 EUR) and it is amortized 11 years after its installation.

Mathematic Model Design Of Solar Pumping For Drip Irrigation Systems

The use of solar energy in isolated sites for different applications, such as water pumping, is of primary interest to people in developing countries who do not have safe access to water drinking. But photovoltaic generators have two major drawbacks that are a low yield and a high blow. In order to increase the performance of these systems. Proper adaptation between the solar generator and the load reduces the cost of installation. The choice of an energy system must obey and comply with certain rules. The selected energy system must show as a preliminary its competitiveness with respect to other systems for the same rendered service. The present study have a propose the modeling, simulation, sizing and realization of a photovoltaic pumping system operating over the sun. This system consists of a set of interacting elements; namely the photovoltaic panels, the voltage inverter, the asynchronous motor, the centrifugal pump and the hydraulic circuit.

Development and Simulation of a Magnetohydrodynamic Solar Generator Operated With NaCl Electrolyte Solution

A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator is a device that generates electrical energy through the interaction between a conductive fluid and a magnetic field. This method of direct energy conversion allows the use of a renewable energy source such as solar energy and represents an alternative to tackle the greenhouse effect. This paper presents the development of an MHD solar generator, which is constituted by a solar thermal system and an MHD cell. The solar thermal system consists of a set of tubes with copper fins, connected in parallel and placed inside of a 1 m2 panel. In which, an electrolytic mixture of H2O and NaCl at 20% vol. was introduced as a working fluid. In order to increase the kinetic energy of the fluid, the panel was exposed to solar radiation, where it reached temperatures above 373 K and pressures above 96 kPa. This solar thermal system operates in closed cycle conditions by including a check valve in its inlet–outlet junction; in this way, the fluid travels through the MHD generator. The MHD cell was composed of a block of polytetrafluoroethylene, two cylindrical stainless-steel electrodes, and four neodymium magnets. For simulation purposes, comsol multiphysics was used to reproduce the current density produced by the MHD solar generator. Pressure and temperature quantities obtained experimentally in the MHD cell were employed as boundary conditions. The experimental maximal current density obtained corresponds to 4.30 mA/m2, and the comparison between theoretical and experimental results shows that the model fits fairly well.