Changes in physical activity behavior and development of cardiovascular risk in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Lona ◽  
C Hauser ◽  
S Koechli ◽  
D Infanger ◽  
K Endes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
National Foundation ◽  
Primary Prevention Strategy ◽  
Cv Disease

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Swiss National Foundation Background Prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease should start early in life. The study aimed to investigate the association of changes in physical activity, sedentary behavior and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with development of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP) and retinal microvascular health in children over four years. Methods In 2014, 391 children aged 6-8 years were screened, and thereof 262 children were reexamined after four years following standardized protocols. Retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular diameters were measured by a retinal vessel analyzer. CRF was objectively assessed by a 20m shuttle run, physical activity and sedentary behavior by use of a questionnaire. Results Children who achieved higher CRF levels reduced their BMI (β [95% CI] -0.35 [-0.46 to -0.25] kg/m2 per stage, P ≤ 0.001) and thereby developed wider CRAE (β [95% CI] 0.25 [0.24 to 0.48] µm per stage, P = 0.03) at follow-up. Moreover, children with elevated or high systolic BP at baseline, but lower levels of sedentary behavior during the observation period, had wider CRAE at follow-up (β [95% CI] -0.37 [-0.66 to -0.08] µm per 10 min/d, P = 0.013). Conclusion An increase of CRF over four years was associated with a reduced BMI and consequently wider retinal arterioles at follow-up. In children with elevated or high systolic BP, a reduction of sedentary behavior by merely 10 min per day significantly improved retinal microvascular health as a primary prevention strategy to promote childhood health and combat development of manifest CV disease later in life.

Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and incidence of obstructive sleep apnea in three prospective US cohorts

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100606
Author(s):  
Yue Liu ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Meir J. Stampfer ◽  
Susan Redline ◽  
Shelley S. Tworoger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Watching Tv

Reduced physical activity and increased sedentary behavior may independently contribute to development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) through increased adiposity, inflammation, insulin resistance and body fluid retention. However, epidemiologic evidence remains sparse, and is primarily limited to cross-sectional studies.We prospectively followed 50 332 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (2002–2012), 68 265 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II (1995–2013), and 19 320 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1996–2012). Recreational physical activity (quantified by metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-hours/week) and sitting time spent watching TV and at work/away from home were assessed by questionnaires every 2–4 years. Physician-diagnosed OSA was identified by validated self-report. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OSA incidence associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior.During 2 004 663 person-years of follow-up, we documented 8733 incident OSA cases. After adjusting for potential confounders, the pooled HR for OSA comparing participants with ≥36.0 versus <6.0 MET-hours/week of physical activity was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.50; ptrend<0.001). Compared with participants spending <4.0 h/week sitting watching TV, the multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) was 1.78 (1.60, 1.98) for participants spending ≥28.0 h/week (ptrend<0.001). The comparable HR (95% CI) was 1.49 (1.38, 1.62) for sitting hours at work/away from home (ptrend<0.001). With additional adjustment for several metabolic factors including BMI and waist circumference, the associations with physical activity and sitting hours at work/away from home were attenuated but remained significant (ptrend<0.001), whereas the association with sitting hours watching TV was no longer statistically significant (ptrend=0.18).Higher levels of physical activity and fewer sedentary hours were associated with lower OSA incidence. The potential mediating role of metabolic factors in the association between sedentary behavior and OSA incidence may depend on type of sedentary behavior. Our results suggest that promoting an active lifestyle may reduce OSA incidence.

scholarly journals Classroom Standing Desks and Time-Series Variation in Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity among Primary School Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuhiro Kidokoro ◽  
Yasuo Shimizu ◽  
Kanako Edamoto ◽  
Michael Annear
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Time ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of height-adjustable standing desks on time-series variation in sedentary behavior (SB) among primary school children. Thirty-eight children aged 11–12 years (22 boys and 16 girls) from two classes at a primary school in Nagano, Japan, participated in this study. One class was allocated as the intervention group and provided with individual standing desks for 6 months, and the other was allocated as the control group. Time spent in SB, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) was measured using accelerometers (ActiGraph) at baseline and follow-up. Time spent in SB was significantly lower by 18.3 min/day on average in the intervention class at follow-up (interaction effects: F(1, 36) = 4.95, p = 0.035, η2 = 0.082). This was accompanied by a significant increase in time spent in MVPA (+19.9 min/day on average). Our time-series analysis showed significant decreases in SB during school time, while no change in SB was found during non-school time. This result indicates that the use of standing desks promotes an overall reduction in SB with no compensatory increase during non-school time.

scholarly journals Later Risk of Wheezing/Asthma and Allergy in Offspring of 2 Vitamin D (VitD) Pregnancy Cohorts: Post Hoc Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1096
Author(s):  
Carol Wagner ◽  
Myla Ebeling ◽  
Judy Shary ◽  
John Baatz ◽  
Danforth Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chi Square ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objectives Maternal vitD deficiency as defined by circulating 25(OH)D concentration is linked with certain adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., preterm birth) and childhood outcomes (e.g., asthma), with the effect seemingly more pronounced if deficiency occurs earlier in pregnancy. OBJ: Assess the long-term effect of maternal and neonatal vitD status on later risk of childhood allergy, wheezing and/or asthma to 4 yrs. It was hypothesized that deficiency earlier in pregnancy would have a significant effect on risk that would continue during pregnancy. Methods In this follow-up post hoc analysis of women and their offspring enrolled in 1 of 2 pregnancy vitD supplementation trials (NICHD, n = 348 and Kellogg Foundation, n = 298), women were randomized to either 400, 2000 or 4000 IU vitD/day (NICHD) at 12–16 wks’ or 400 or 4400 IU/day at 10–14 wks’ (Kellogg). Baseline then monthly 25(OH)D concentration as the primary outcome in both studies and as the indicator of vitD status was measured by RIA until delivery. Neonatal vitD status was measured in cord blood. Follow-up data on the offspring were available through 4 yrs using an EMR with ICD-9 and 10 codes for eczema, wheezing and/or asthma. Student's t-test was used to analyze differences in mean 25(OH)D and eczema, wheezing, and asthma. Chi-square analyses were used to test for differences in incidence of 25(OH)D below 20, 30, and 40 and eczema, wheezing, and asthma. Results In NICHD Pregnancy, 326/348 (93.7%) offspring had EMR data available: 48 (14.7%) had eczema; 32 (9.8%) had wheezing; and 48 (14.7%) had asthma. In Kellogg Pregnancy, 205/298 (68.8%) had EMR data available; 36 (17.6%) had eczema; 14 (6.8%) had wheezing; and 10 (4.9%) had asthma. Maternal baseline 25(OH)D &lt; 30 ng/mL was associated with eczema (P = 0.024) and asthma (P = 0.035) by age 4 yrs. Neonatal 25(OH)D was inversely associated with eczema (P = 0.01) and asthma by age 4 (P = 0.0012). When dichotomized, neonates with 25(OH)D &lt; 20 ng/mL had a significantly higher risk of eczema (P = 0.02) and asthma (P = 0.004) and those below 40 ng/mL had a higher risk of eczema (P = 0.03). Conclusions In this combined cohort of pregnant women and their offspring, both maternal and neonatal vitD status were associated with later allergy, wheezing and asthma risk. Efforts to improve maternal vitD status may have later significant consequences on childhood health outcomes. Funding Sources NIH/NICHD/NCATS.

scholarly journals Changes in children’s diet and physical activity as perceived by their mothers: Impact of a health promotion intervention for mothers in a sub-urban area of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Natalia Oli ◽  
Abhinav Vaidya ◽  
Gabriele Eiben ◽  
Alexandra Krettek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Heart Health ◽  
Health Promotion Intervention ◽  
Research Dissemination ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

Background: Unhealthy diet and physical inactivity contribute to the growing burden of cardiovascular diseases in Nepal. Lifestyle is formed in childhood and in the Nepalese context influenced mainly by mothers, it is to date unknown how influential mothers are. Objectives: To assess changes in children’s diet and physical activity as perceived by their mothers after a health promotion intervention. Methodology: The Heart-Health Associated Research, Dissemination and Intervention in the Community is a community trial conducted in the Jhaukhel-Duwakot Health Demographic Surveillance site, in Bhaktapur district of Nepal. We conducted a health promotion intervention on diet and physical activity targeted at mothers with children aged one to nine years old in August-November 2016. Duwakot was randomized as the intervention site and Jhaukhel as the control. We conducted a follow-up study after three months to determine the outcome of the intervention. Nine trained enumerators conducted door-to-door visits to all households with eligible mothers. We calculated mean, frequency and percent changes for children’s behavior. Results: As responded by mothers, children in Duwakot consumed more healthy snacks after the intervention compared to Jhaukhel. Children in Duwakot increased consumption of water and milk. Children’s consumption of packet juices and soft drinks was decreased by 30% and 4% respectively. There was 21% increment in the duration of outdoor playing among the children at Duwakot during follow-up. Conclusion: The Heart-Health Associated Research, Dissemination and Intervention in the Community that focused on mothers showed indirect positive impact on their young children’s diet and physical activity behavior. In future, the longterm effects of such intervention should be assessed.

Tracking of physical activity during middle school transition in Iranian adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvaneh Taymoori ◽  
Tanya R Berry ◽  
David R Lubans
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Interpersonal Influences ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Activity Behavior

Objective: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine changes in physical activity behavior, psychological factors and interpersonal influences associated with exercise behavior during the transition from secondary school to high school in Sanandaj, Iran. Design: Data were collected from students in 2006 ( N = 1,073), of whom 844 provided follow-up data in 2009. Setting: The students were in high school in 2009 (51% male) with a mean age of 16.42 ± 1.73 years. Method: Physical activity-related cognitions, interpersonal influences, and physical activity behavior were measured using self-report questionnaires. To assess the effects of time and sex on psychosocial factors, analysis of variances (ANOVAs) were conducted. The relative stability of physical activity psychosocial correlates from wave 1 through wave 2 was assessed using Pearson product-moment correlations. Results: There were significant differences according to sex across time for physical activity, psychological variables and interpersonal influences associated with exercise activities. The girls were less active than boys at both time points. Girls reported lower self-efficacy and perceived more barriers and fewer perceived benefits for physical activity over time. Interpersonal influences on activity were more stable for girls than boys. Conclusion: The results offer evidence for decreasing physical activity in boys and girls and sex differences in cognitive variables and interpersonal influences. This is important for understanding how to address the problem of physical inactivity among Iranian youth.

scholarly journals Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Academic Skills – A Follow-Up Study among Primary School Children

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e107031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eero A. Haapala ◽  
Anna-Maija Poikkeus ◽  
Katriina Kukkonen-Harjula ◽  
Tuomo Tompuri ◽  
Niina Lintu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
School Children ◽  
Academic Skills ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals Active Play in ASP –A matched-pair cluster-randomized trial investigating the effectiveness of an intervention in After-school programs for supporting children’s physical activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsti Riiser ◽  
Kåre Rønn Richardsen ◽  
Anders Lund Hage Haugen ◽  
Siv Lund ◽  
Knut Løndal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
First Graders ◽  
After School Programs ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
After School ◽  
School Programs ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Sedentary Behavior Time

Abstract Background: Interventions directed at after school programs (ASPs) have the potential to support physical activity (PA) in young children. Research has indicated that interventions that emphasize competence building among the ASP staff can lead to increased PA among the children. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of the Active Play in ASP intervention—a program for ASP staff aimed at supporting physical activity among first graders in ASP. Methods: We used a matched-pair cluster randomized design and included 456 first graders from 14 schools in Norway. From these, 7 ASPs received the intervention (N = 229), while 7 acted as controls (N = 227). Measurements were taken at baseline, immediately post intervention (7 month follow-up) and after a year (19 month follow-up). The primary outcome was moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), which was estimated with predefined cut points of counts per minute (CPM) and expressed as minutes/hour. Secondary outcomes were vigorous and light intensity physical activity (VPA and LPA) and sedentary behavior. The analyses of intervention effects were based on between-group differences in outcome changes between the 3 measurement points and were conducted using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures using categorical time. In exploratory analyses, we investigated gender, baseline body mass index, and baseline CPM as potential effect modifiers. Results: No significant intervention effects was observed on MVPA (0.55 min/hour [99% CI -0.55:1.64]) or on the secondary outcomes, min/hour of LPA, VPA or sedentary behavior. Exploratory analyses indicated that among the 50% least physically active children at baseline, children in intervention ASPs reduced sedentary time from baseline to 19 months follow up by 1.67 min/hour (95% CI -3.12:-0.21) compared to the controls. Conclusions: Although the intervention did not significantly increase the mean MVPA among the children in the intervention ASPs compared to controls, it did seem to have a small effect by reducing sedentary behavior time among the least active children. An even stronger emphasis on how to identify less active children and support their activity may be needed in order to increase their PA and further reduce sedentary behavior time.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Continuous Sedentary Behavior in Community—Dwelling Japanese Adults: A Pilot Study

Medicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Chiaki Uehara ◽  
Nobuyuki Miyatake ◽  
Shuhei Hishii ◽  
Hiromi Suzuki ◽  
Akihiko Katayama
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Japanese Adults

Background: Sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to clarify seasonal changes in SB including continuous SB (CSB) in community-dwelling Japanese adults. Methods: In this secondary analysis, a total of 65 community-dwelling Japanese adults (7 men and 58 women, 69 (50–78) years) were enrolled. SB (%), including CSB (≥30 min) as well as physical activity, were evaluated using a tri-accelerometer. The differences in these parameters between baseline (summer) and follow-up (winter) were examined. Results: %CSB and %SB at baseline were 20.5 (4.0–60.9) and 54.0 ± 11.5, respectively. CSB was significantly increased (6.6%), and SB was also increased (5.1%) at follow-up compared with baseline. In addition, there were positive relationships between changes in CSB and SB, and body weight and body mass index. Conclusions: These results suggest that there were significant seasonal changes in CSB and SB in community-dwelling Japanese adults.

scholarly journals Device-Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, Built Environment, and Adiposity Gain in Older Women: A Seven-Year Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3074
Author(s):  
Pablo Molina-Garcia ◽  
María Medrano ◽  
Jana Pelclová ◽  
Izabela Zając-Gawlak ◽  
Lenka Tlučáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors

The search for determinants of adiposity gain in older women has become vitally important. This study aimed to (1) analyze the adiposity gain based on the participants’ age and (2) determine the prospective associations of baseline intrapersonal, built environment, physical activity, and sedentary behavior variables with the adiposity gain in older women. This was a seven-year prospective study (baseline: 2009 to 2012; follow-up: 2016 to 2019) in older women (n = 178, baseline age = 62.8 ± 4.1 years). Baseline and follow-up adiposity (bioelectrical impedance) and baseline physical activity, sedentary behavior (accelerometers), and intrapersonal and built environment (Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale questionnaire) variables were included. The body mass index (BMI) increment tended to be inversely associated with the women’s age (p = 0.062). At follow-up, 48, 57, and 54% of the women had a relevant increase (d-Cohen > 0.2) in their BMI, percentage of body fat, and fat mass index, respectively. The women that spent ≥8 h/day being sedentary were 2.2 times (1.159 to 4.327 CI95%, p < 0.02) more likely to increase BMI (0.82 to 0.85 kg/m2) than non-sedentary women. No built environment variables were associated with seven-year adiposity gain (all ps > 0.05). A reduction in sedentary time should be promoted for adiposity gain prevention and health preservation in older women.

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