Incompatible Results on Matched Cross Test Examination

Compatibility testing before blood transfusion is very crucial. This procedure to prevent transfusion reactions due to blood group incompatibility or irregular antibodies. Cross-matching to ensure that the blood safe for the recipient. There are two results in the cross-matching, namely compatible and incompatible. This study aims to determine the inappropriate results of cross-matching at Blood Transfusion Service of the Indonesian Red Cross, Kulon Progo Regency. This study used a quantitative descriptive research design with a retrospective approach. The samples used in this study were 78 incompatible samples in Blood Transfusion Service of the Indonesian Red Cross, Kulon Progo Regency. The sampling technique used was the total population. Methods of data analysis using descriptive analysis. The results show incompatibilities of most compatible cross tests found in minor and auto control (96.1%) with male gender frequency (35.9%) and women (64.1%). The most blood type that has incompatibilities is blood type O (43.3%). The most Diagnosis is anemia (76.9%), and the most components are PRC (88.4%). The most incompatible types are minor and auto control and the most commonly encountered in women, O blood type, anemia, and components of PRC.

Pollination Timing and Hybrid Seed Production of Neoregelia

Neoregelia cultivars have been used in many areas for landscaping and indoors in a variety of creative ways, but scientific reports of their pollination and hybridization are presently limited. Cross-combinations of Neoregelia cultivars were created to define conditions for pollination timing and to evaluate cross-compatibility. Neoregelia cultivars have short-lived flowers. Hybrid seeds were obtained only when cross-pollination was performed before 1200 hr. Results of 19 cross-combinations including six reciprocal crosses revealed that hybrid seeds were obtained in the female parents with a 1.9- to 2.0-cm style length, but not in those with a 2.6- to 3.0-cm style length. The pollen tube penetrated the ovule as early as 1 day after pollination in the compatible cross, whereas swollen pollen tubes were observed at half and two-thirds of the style in the incompatible cross. Removal of 50% of the style length of the female parents could overcome the fertilization barrier for those incompatible crosses and hybrid seeds could be successfully obtained.

Self-compatible Seedlings of the Cutleaf Hazelnut

The cutleaf hazelnut [Corylus avellana L. f. heterophylla (Loud.) Rehder] is an ornamental form with strongly dissected leaf morphology. Its stigmas express incompatibility allele S20 but none of the other 25 S-alleles was detected with fluorescence microscopy. Three seedlings from a cross of the cutleaf hazelnut and VR6-28 lacked S20 and were investigated further. Each expressed an allele from the parent VR6-28 (S2 S26), S26 in OSU 562.031 and OSU 562.048 and S2 in OSU 562.049. S2 and S26 are low in the dominance hierarchy, so we expected the new allele from the cutleaf hazelnut to be expressed in their pollen. Unexpectedly, fluorescence microscopy showed that pollen of all three selections was compatible on their cutleaf parent and on each other, and furthermore, self-pollinations showed the excellent germination and long parallel tubes in the styles that are typical of a compatible pollination. Controlled self- and cross-pollinations in the field verified the self-compatibility of two selections. Cluster set for self-pollinations was very high (75-90%) and within the range observed for compatible cross-pollinations. Furthermore, the frequency of blank nuts was low (<10%). The second allele in the cutleaf hazelnut is designated S28, and its presence in seedlings of `Cutleaf' is indicated by the absence of S20. Controlled pollinations in the field also showed that selection OSU 562.069 (S2 S28) from the cross `Cutleaf' × `Redleaf #3' was self-compatible. Fluorescence microscopy showed that two additional seedlings were self-incompatible [OSU 367.052 (S1 S28) and OSU 367.076 (S6 S28)] while a third [OSU 706.071 (S9 S28)] was self-compatible. Self-compatibility may be limited to genotypes that combine S28 with a second allele that is low in the dominance hierarchy.

Pre-fertilization incompatibility barriers to interspecific hybridizations in Pennisetum species

The study was undertaken at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, in 1991–1992 to investigate the behaviour of the pollen tubes of four wild Pennisetum species in the stigmatic tract of P. typhoides and to identify stages of pre-fertilization impediments to interspecific hybridization. Pollen germination was normal in crosses with P. violaceum, P. squamulatum and P. orientale and slightly inhibited in a cross with P. setaceum. Fertilization was accomplished within 3 h of pollination in a control cross within P. typhoides. P. typhoides × P. violaceum was a compatible cross and the pollen tubes of P. violaceum reached the ovary within 4 h of pollination. The presence of P. squamulatum and P. orientale pollen tubes in the ovary 10–15 h after pollination indicated the possibility of normal fertilization, while in crosses with P. setaceum, pollen tubes did not penetrate the ovary even 15 h after pollination. The study indicated that there is no impediment at the pollen germination stage or in the stigmatic hairy region. Delayed/restricted growth of pollen tubes indicated that the barrier operates in the styllar hairless region for the crosses with P. squamulatum and P. orientale, and at the ovarian level for the P. typhoides × P. setaceum cross.

The relationship of reproductive biology to the rarity of endemic Aster curtus (Asteraceae)

The fecundity of rare plants is a commonly used indicator of performance at the population or species level. However, accurately interpreting reproductive output requires an understanding of a particular species's breeding system. The purpose of this study was to determine if reproductive biology contributes to the restricted distribution of Aster curtus Cronq. We hypothesized that (i) A. curtus, like many Asteraceae species, is self-incompatible, and (ii) that pollinations between patches produce significantly more filled seeds than pollinations within patches. Fluorescent microscopy of pistils harvested after greenhouse pollination showed A. curtus to be partially self-compatible. Cross-pollination resulted in significantly more pollen grains per stigma and significantly greater pollen germination than self-pollination. Similarly, field pollination trials showed that between-patch crosses produced significantly more filled seeds than within-patch crosses. Nevertheless, within-patch pollinations produced substantial levels of filled seed. Results from the greenhouse and field trials suggest that the reproductive biology of A. curtus contributes little to its rarity. Understanding why A. curtus is rare has important implications to the conservation of the glacial outwash prairie. Moreover, the data from this research can be used in further developing predictive models for plant species rarity based on reproductive biology.Key words: Aster, endemic, Pacific Northwest, rarity, reproductive biology, self-incompatibility.

A quantitative and structural comparison of Citrus pollen tube development in cross-compatible and self-incompatible gynoecia

Pollen tube development in Orlando tangelo (Citrus paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata Blanco.) was compared within and between cross-compatible pollinations of Orlando pollen on Dancy tangerine (C. reticulata Blanco.) stigmas and self-incompatible pollinations on Orlando tangelo stigmas. Orlando and Dancy gynoecia were morphologically similar but differed slightly in stigma, style, and ovary lengths. Orlando pollen tube development was studied 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after both cross- and self-pollination to record the number of pollen tubes at each of five levels: stigma surface, upper style, lower style, ovary, and entrance into ovules. In the incompatible cross (self-pollinated Orlando), the stigma was the primary region of pollen tube arrest. In the compatible cross (Orlando pollen on Dancy), some pollen tubes penetrated ovules between 9 and 12 days after cross pollination; however, other pollen tubes were arrested in the stigma. Pollen tubes that successfully penetrated ovules in the compatible cross differed morphologically from pollen tubes arrested in both the compatible and incompatible situations. Successful compatible pollen tubes were straight with thin-walled tips and regularly spaced callose plugs behind the growing tips. Many pollen tube abnormalities associated with the self-incompatible pollination of Orlando were also present among arrested pollen tubes from the compatible cross.