A quantitative and structural comparison of Citrus pollen tube development in cross-compatible and self-incompatible gynoecia

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2548-2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Kahn ◽  
Darleen A. DeMason
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Structural Comparison ◽  
Stigma Surface ◽  
Incompatible Pollination ◽  
Compatible Cross ◽  
Incompatible Cross ◽  
Compatible Pollinations ◽  
Compatible Pollen

Pollen tube development in Orlando tangelo (Citrus paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata Blanco.) was compared within and between cross-compatible pollinations of Orlando pollen on Dancy tangerine (C. reticulata Blanco.) stigmas and self-incompatible pollinations on Orlando tangelo stigmas. Orlando and Dancy gynoecia were morphologically similar but differed slightly in stigma, style, and ovary lengths. Orlando pollen tube development was studied 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after both cross- and self-pollination to record the number of pollen tubes at each of five levels: stigma surface, upper style, lower style, ovary, and entrance into ovules. In the incompatible cross (self-pollinated Orlando), the stigma was the primary region of pollen tube arrest. In the compatible cross (Orlando pollen on Dancy), some pollen tubes penetrated ovules between 9 and 12 days after cross pollination; however, other pollen tubes were arrested in the stigma. Pollen tubes that successfully penetrated ovules in the compatible cross differed morphologically from pollen tubes arrested in both the compatible and incompatible situations. Successful compatible pollen tubes were straight with thin-walled tips and regularly spaced callose plugs behind the growing tips. Many pollen tube abnormalities associated with the self-incompatible pollination of Orlando were also present among arrested pollen tubes from the compatible cross.

Citrus pollen tube development in cross-compatible gynoecia, self-incompatible gynoecia, and in vitro

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2527-2532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Kahn ◽  
Darleen A. DeMason
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Generative Cell ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Incompatible Pollination ◽  
Incompatible Cross ◽  
Compatible Pollinations ◽  
Compatible Pollen ◽  
Incompatibility Reaction

The route of 'Orlando' tangelo (Citrus paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata Blanco) pollen tubes was traced and compared in self-incompatible pollinations and cross-compatible pollinations with 'Dancy' tangerine (C. reticulata Blanco). In both crosses, 'Orlando' pollen germinated in the stigmatic exudate and grew between the papillae on the stigma surface and inter-cellularly between the parenchymatous cells until reaching a stylar canal by 3 days. However, in the incompatible pollination, irregular deposition of callose occurred in the pollen tube walls as early as 1 day after pollination. By day 6, pollen tubes were in the upper portion of the ovary in the compatible pollination, whereas most pollen tubes from the incompatible pollination were still in the upper style. 'Orlando' pollen tube growth rate decreased substantially by day 3 in both the self-incompatible pollination and in vitro but increased rapidly after day 3 in the compatible combination. The generative cell divided between 1 and 3 days after pollination in the compatible cross. Generative cell division was observed by day 3 in only a few pollen tubes in the incompatible cross and in cultured tubes. Compatible pollen tubes grew slowly for the first 3 days after pollination, during which time generative cells divided and then grew rapidly until fertilization. In contrast, incompatible pollen tubes showed morphological features indicative of an incompatibility reaction by 1 day after pollination and grew slowly for a period of 6 days, and then ceased growth.

scholarly journals Two groups of Arabidopsis receptor kinases preferentially regulate the growth of intraspecies pollen tubes in the female reproductive tract

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyung Lee ◽  
Daphne R. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
Compatible Pollen

SummaryIn flowering plants, continuous cell-cell communication between the compatible male pollen grain/growing pollen tube and the female pistil is required for successful sexual reproduction. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the later stages of this dialogue are mediated by several peptide ligands and receptor kinases that guide pollen tubes to the ovules for the release of sperm cells. Despite a detailed understanding of these processes, a key gap remains on the nature of the regulators that function at the earlier stages. Here, we report on two groups of A. thaliana receptor kinases, the LRR-VIII-2 RK subclass and the SERKs, that function in the female reproductive tract to regulate the compatible pollen grains and early pollen tube growth, both essential steps for the downstream processes leading to fertilization. Multiple A. thaliana LRR-VIII-2 RK and SERK knockout mutant combinations were created, and several phenotypes were observed such as reduced wild-type pollen hydration and reduced pollen tube travel distances. As these mutant pistils displayed a wild-type morphology, the observed altered responses of the wild-type pollen are proposed to result from the loss of these receptor kinases leading to an impaired pollen-pistil dialogue at these early stages. Furthermore, using pollen from related Brassicaceae species, we also discovered that these receptor kinases are required in the female reproductive tract to establish a reproductive barrier to interspecies pollen. Thus, we propose that the LRR-VIII-2 RKs and the SERKs play a dual role in the preferential selection and promotion of intraspecies pollen over interspecies pollen.

Ultrastructural Aspects of the Self-Incompatibility Mechanism in Lycopersicum Peruvianum Mill

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DE NETTANCOURT ◽  
M. DEVREUX ◽  
A. BOZZINI ◽  
M. CRESTI ◽  
E. PACINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Incompatible Pollen ◽  
Compatible Pollen

The experimental results obtained show that the tip of the incompatible pollen tube bursts open after the outer-wall has considerably expanded in the intercellular spaces of the conducting tissue and the inner-wall has disappeared and numerous particles have accumulated in the tube cytoplasm. These particles, which measure approximately 0.2 µm in diameter and give a weak reaction to the test of Thiéry, differ in many respects from the vesicles normally present in compatible pollen tubes growing through the style; they appear to resemble, in some cases, the spheres which are discharged by the compatible pollen tubes after they have reached the embryo-sac. It is considered that these observations support the current belief that the tube wall is the site of action for the incompatibility proteins and suggest that self-incompatibility is not a passive process resulting from lack of growth stimulation but an active event which leads to the destruction of the incompatible pollen tubes. The degradation mechanism involved appears similar to the one which enables the compatible pollen tube to release its contents in the degenerated synergid and presents some analogies with the lytic process taking place in virus-infected cells. The general hypothesis is presented that the particles observed in the cytoplasm of self-incompatible pollen tubes consist of a mixture of incompatibility proteins and of basic constituents of the tube wall.

scholarly journals Hormonal Changes after Compatible and Incompatible Pollination in Theobroma cacao L.

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1231-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Paul Baker ◽  
Karl H. Hasenstein ◽  
Michael S. Zavada
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Incompatible Pollen ◽  
Incompatibility System ◽  
Incompatible Pollination ◽  
Compatible Pollinations ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

In order to characterize the self-incompatibility system in Theobroma cacao, the levels of ethylene, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) were determined after pollination with compatible and incompatible pollen and in unpollinated flowers. Pollen tube growth rates after incompatible and compatible pollinations were identical, and the majority of the pollen tubes reached the ovules between 12 and 20 hours after pollination. ABA levels rose in incompatibly pollinated flowers, and fell in compatibly pollinated flowers, prior to pollen tube—ovule contact. Ethylene evolution remained stable in compatibly pollinated flowers and rose in incompatibly pollinated flowers. IAA concentrations increased in compatibly pollinated flowers, and remained stable in incompatibly pollinated flowers after pollination and subsequent to pollen tube—ovule contact.

The RSS system of unidirectional cross-incompatibility in maize. 2. Cytology

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-564
Author(s):  
Abdul Rashid ◽  
Peter A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Transmitting Tract ◽  
Incompatible Pollination ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Maize Genetics ◽  
Incompatibility Reaction

In 1975, a number of genetic lines discovered in our maize genetics nursery in Ames, Iowa, showed unidirectional cross-incompatibility. Later, it was found that this unidirectional cross-incompatibility is controlled by three recessive genes. One locus (cif) controls the incompatibility reaction in the female tissue and the other two (cim1 and cim2) control the incompatibility reaction in the pollen grain. The cross is incompatible only when the female parent is homozygous recessive for the cif and the male parent is homozygously recessive for the cim1 as well as the cim2 locus. Cytological studies of this unidirectional cross-incompatibility show that the site of the incompatibility reaction occurs after the entry of the pollen tubes into the transmitting tract of the incompatible silks. Between 12 and 24 h after pollination, the incompatible pollination is characterized by the swelling and bursting of pollen tubes at the tip, after which pollen tube growth stops.Key words: maize, pollen tube, cross-incompatibility.

scholarly journals Pollen Germination, Pollen Tube Growth, Fruit Set, and Seed Development in Schlumbergera truncata and S. ×buckleyi (Cactaceae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Boyle ◽  
Renate Karle ◽  
Susan S. Han
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Stigma Surface ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Compatible Pollen ◽  
Fruit Harvest

The reproductive biology of Schlumbergera truncata (Haworth) Moran and S. xbuckleyi (T. Moore) Tjaden was examined in a series of experiments. At anthesis, pollen grains are spherical, 54 to 62 μm in diameter, and tricellular. The receptive surface of the stigma is densely covered with elongated papillae and is devoid of exudate during the period of flower opening. When compatible pollen was applied to mature stigmas, germination occurred between 20 and 30 minutes after pollination and pollen tubes penetrated the stigma surface between 30 and 40 minutes after pollination. Pollen tubes exhibited a nonlinear pattern of growth in the upper two-thirds of the style, and the maximum rate of growth (≫1.9 mm·h-1) occurred between 12 and 18 hours after pollination. Full seed set was attained between 32 and 48 hours after pollination. Genotypic variation in the time required to achieve full seed set was partly attributable to differences in stylar length. Seeds were fully mature 6 months after pollination, but delaying fruit harvest until 8 months after pollination did not affect seed germination.

scholarly journals Pollen-pistil interactions in interspecific crosses of Populus (sections Aigeiros and Leuce): pollen adhesion, hydration and callose responses

1984 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
M. Gaget ◽  
C. Said ◽  
C. Dumas ◽  
R.B. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Transmitting Tissue ◽  
Stigma Surface ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Plug Formation ◽  
Callose Plug

Intersectional crosses between species of sections Aigeiros (Populus deltoides, P. X euramericana or P. nigra) and Leuce (P. alba or P. tremuloides) are known to be reciprocally incompatible. The site of pollen tube arrest is on the stigma surface in pollinations between pistils of section Leuce and pollen of section Aigeiros; tubes failed to penetrate the stigma surface. In reciprocal matings, pollen of section Leuce germinated and tubes penetrated the stigma and style, where arrest occurred. Rejection may be accompanied by swelling of the tube tips, and callose plug formation. In the cross between P. deltoides and P. alba a callose response was detected in the cell walls of the transmitting tissue, adjacent to the rejected pollen tubes.

scholarly journals Pollination Timing and Hybrid Seed Production of Neoregelia

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1970-1973
Author(s):  
Chyun-Chien Liang ◽  
Tzu-Yao Wei ◽  
Der-Ming Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Style Length ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Compatible Cross ◽  
Incompatible Cross

Neoregelia cultivars have been used in many areas for landscaping and indoors in a variety of creative ways, but scientific reports of their pollination and hybridization are presently limited. Cross-combinations of Neoregelia cultivars were created to define conditions for pollination timing and to evaluate cross-compatibility. Neoregelia cultivars have short-lived flowers. Hybrid seeds were obtained only when cross-pollination was performed before 1200 hr. Results of 19 cross-combinations including six reciprocal crosses revealed that hybrid seeds were obtained in the female parents with a 1.9- to 2.0-cm style length, but not in those with a 2.6- to 3.0-cm style length. The pollen tube penetrated the ovule as early as 1 day after pollination in the compatible cross, whereas swollen pollen tubes were observed at half and two-thirds of the style in the incompatible cross. Removal of 50% of the style length of the female parents could overcome the fertilization barrier for those incompatible crosses and hybrid seeds could be successfully obtained.

scholarly journals Protein Analysis of Pollen Tubes after the Treatments of Membrane Trafficking Inhibitors Gains Insights on Molecular Mechanism Underlying Pollen Tube Polar Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-222
Author(s):  
Monica Scali ◽  
Alessandra Moscatelli ◽  
Luca Bini ◽  
Elisabetta Onelli ◽  
Rita Vignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Tip Growth ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Depth Analysis

AbstractPollen tube elongation is characterized by a highly-polarized tip growth process dependent on an efficient vesicular transport system and largely mobilized by actin cytoskeleton. Pollen tubes are an ideal model system to study exocytosis, endocytosis, membrane recycling, and signaling network coordinating cellular processes, structural organization and vesicular trafficking activities required for tip growth. Proteomic analysis was applied to identifyNicotiana tabacumDifferentially Abundant Proteins (DAPs) after in vitro pollen tube treatment with membrane trafficking inhibitors Brefeldin A, Ikarugamycin and Wortmannin. Among roughly 360 proteins separated in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, a total of 40 spots visibly changing between treated and control samples were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and LC–ESI–MS/MS analysis. The identified proteins were classified according to biological processes, and most proteins were related to pollen tube energy metabolism, including ammino acid synthesis and lipid metabolism, structural features of pollen tube growth as well modification and actin cytoskeleton organization, stress response, and protein degradation. In-depth analysis of proteins corresponding to energy-related pathways revealed the male gametophyte to be a reliable model of energy reservoir and dynamics.

scholarly journals Hyperoside promotes pollen tube growth by regulating the depolymerization effect of actin-depolymerizing factor 1 on microfilaments in okra

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biying Dong ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Zhihua Song ◽  
Lili Niu ◽  
Hongyan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Actin Depolymerizing Factor ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
New Research

AbstractMature pollen germinates rapidly on the stigma, extending its pollen tube to deliver sperm cells to the ovule for fertilization. The success of this process is an important factor that limits output. The flavonoid content increased significantly during pollen germination and pollen tube growth, which suggests it may play an important role in these processes. However, the specific mechanism of this involvement has been little researched. Our previous research found that hyperoside can prolong the flowering period of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), but its specific mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the effect of hyperoside in regulating the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF), which further affects the germination and growth of pollen. We found that hyperoside can prolong the effective pollination period of okra by 2–3-fold and promote the growth of pollen tubes in the style. Then, we used Nicotiana benthamiana cells as a research system and found that hyperoside accelerates the depolymerization of intercellular microfilaments. Hyperoside can promote pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in vitro. Moreover, AeADF1 was identified out of all AeADF genes as being highly expressed in pollen tubes in response to hyperoside. In addition, hyperoside promoted AeADF1-mediated microfilament dissipation according to microfilament severing experiments in vitro. In the pollen tube, the gene expression of AeADF1 was reduced to 1/5 by oligonucleotide transfection. The decrease in the expression level of AeADF1 partially reduced the promoting effect of hyperoside on pollen germination and pollen tube growth. This research provides new research directions for flavonoids in reproductive development.

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