Investigation the attitudes of secondary school students towards the use of saying and words of wisdom in learning English at secondary level in Gaza

This paper examined the attitudes of secondary school students towards the use of saying and words of wisdom in learning English as a foreign language in secondary schools in Gaza. Saying and words of wisdom play a significant role in language learning as a part of gaining cultural knowledge. In addition, this study attempted to find out whether they could motivate students to learn English then improve language acquiring through time. 40 secondary female EFL learners were assigned in questionnaires and interviews. Through observation, the researcher convinced that saying and words of wisdom is an important segment in the English Language, and it is a useful piece that has been used to spread wisdom and truths about life. The study reveals the effectiveness and higher rate of retaining of learning vocabulary through the strategy of sayings and words of wisdom compared to the traditional method.

Phenology-mediated effects of phenotype on the probability of social polygyny and its fitness consequences in a migratory passerine

Why females engage in social polygyny remains an unresolved question in species where the resources provided by males maximize female fitness. In these systems, the ability of males to access several females, as well as the willingness of females to mate with an already mated male, and the benefits of this choice, may be constrained by the socio-ecological factors experienced at the local scale. Here, we used a 19-year dataset from an individual-monitored population of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) to establish local networks of breeding pairs. Then, we examined whether the probability of becoming socially polygynous and of mating with an already mated male (thus becoming a secondary female) is influenced by morphological and sexual traits as proxies of individual quality relative to the neighbours. We also evaluated whether social polygyny is adaptive for females by examining the effect of females’ mating status (polygamously-mated vs monogamously-mated) on direct (number of recruits in a given season) and indirect (lifetime number of fledglings produced by these recruits) fitness benefits. The phenotypic quality of individuals, by influencing their breeding asynchrony relative to their neighbours, mediated the probability of being involved in a polygynous event. Individuals in middle-age (2–3 years), with large wings and, in the case of males, with conspicuous sexual traits, started to breed earlier than their neighbours. By breeding locally early, males increased their chances of becoming polygynous, while females reduced their chances of mating with an already mated male. Our results suggest that secondary females may compensate the fitness costs, if any, of sharing a mate, since their number of descendants did not differ from monogamous females. We emphasize the need of accounting for local breeding settings (ecological, social, spatial, and temporal) and the phenotypic composition of neighbours to understand individual mating decisions.

WOMEN'S EDUCATION IN TVER IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURIES

В статье рассматривается история становления различных типов женских учебных заведений в Твери во второй половине XIX - начале XX вв. Архивные материалы, привлеченные к исследованию, раскрывают организацию учебного и воспитательного процесса, содержание учебных планов, недельное распределение уроков, численный и сословный состав обучающихся, административный и педагогический состав, правила проведения вступительных и экзаменационных испытаний и т.д. в женских учебных заведениях. Приводятся данные по распределению численности средних женских учебных заведений в Тверской губернии, количественному составу учениц, учебным предметам, срокам обучения в школе П.П. Максимовича, Постоянных педагогических курсах, Тверской Мариинской женской гимназии. Подчеркивается роль женских средних школ для подготовки учительских кадров в Тверской губернии. Автор делает вывод о значительном потенциале развития всесословной женской средней школы в российской провинции. The article examines the history of the formation of various types of women's educational institutions in Tver in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. The archival materials involved in the study reveal the organization of the educational process, the content of the curriculum, the weekly distribution of lessons, the number and class composition of students, administrative and pedagogical staff, the rules for conducting entrance and examination tests, etc.in women's educational institutions. Data on the distribution of the number of secondary female educational institutions in the Tver province, the number of female students, academic subjects, terms of study at the P.P. Maksimovich school, Permanent pedagogical courses in Tver and Tver Mariinsky girls ' gymnasium are presented. The role of women's secondary schools for training teachers in the Tver province is emphasized. The author concludes that there is a significant potential for the development of an all-female secondary school in the Russian province.

The Relationship between Social Comparison, Depression, and Interpersonal Orientation among Normal, Gifted, and Disabled Female Students in Makkah Secondary Schools

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social comparison, depression, and interpersonal orientation among normal, gifted and disabled female students in Makkah secondary schools. The study tools consisted of the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM), the translated version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Interpersonal Orientation Scale. The study participants comprised 185 secondary female students: 109 normal students, 46 gifted students, and 30 students with special needs. The results showed a non-significant negative correlation between social comparison, depression, and interpersonal orientation among gifted students, while there was a significant correlation between depression and social comparison among normal students. No significant correlation was found between social comparison, depression, and interpersonal orientation among students with disabilities. The results found a significant correlation between social comparison and depression among the three groups in favor of gifted students.

Laparoscopic Evaluation of Primary and Secondary Subfertility

Background: Prevalence of subfertility in industrialized countries has been quoted as 20%,and seems to be on the rise. Traditional way to assess the uterine cavity, tubal structure andtubal patency was hysterosalphingography but it is now been largely superseded bylaparoscopy and hysteroscopy. With the objective of this study was to highlight the role oflaparoscopy in establishing the diagnosis of primary and secondary female subfertility anddifferent therapeutic procedure done. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Subfertility and ReproductiveMedicine Unit of Gynae and Obstetrics department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhakafrom January 2015 to June 2018. Total 4256 sub fertile patients attended the Infertility OPD.Out of these 215 patients were selected for laparoscopy. Those patients who hadcontraindication for laparoscopy were excluded from study. Detailed laparoscopic findingswere recorded. Results: Out of 125 selected sub fertile patients 136 (63.26%) patients were in primarysubfertility group while 79 (36.74%) patients were in secondary subfertility group. In primarysubfertility group(n=136), most common laparoscopic finding was PCO in 44 (32.34%) patientsfollowed by peritubal and periovarian adhesions in 24 (17.65%) patients, Bilateral tubalblock in 23(16.91%) patients, Endometriosis in 15(11.03%), Unusual tortuous and lengthytube in 15(11.03%) patients, fibroid in 11(8.09%) patients, Mullerian agenesis and hypoplasiain 3(2.21%) cases. No visible abnormality found in 22(16.18%) cases.The commonest finding by laparoscopy in patients with secondary infertility were PCO in 18(22.78%) patients and peritubal and periovarian adhesions in 18 (22.78%) patients, followedby Bilateral tubal block in 12(15.19%) patients, fibroid uterus in 12(15.19%) patients,Endometriosis in 10(12.66%), Genital tuberculosis in 3(1.40%) cases. No visible abnormalityfound in 12(15.19%) cases.Various laparoscopic procedure like Ovarian drilling. Adhesiolysis, ovarian cystectomy, cystpuncture, salphingostomy, Myomectomy. Conclusion: Laparoscopy helped us to detect and treat important clinical condition in bathprimary & secondary sub fertility. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(2) : 143-148

Significant Adhesion Reduction with 4DryField PH after Release of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction

Background Peritoneal adhesions reoccur in up to 100% of cases, possibly causing complications like pain, secondary female infertility, and small bowel obstruction. The latter has a mortality rate of up to 15% during hospitalization. This study investigates if recurrence of peritoneal adhesions can be prevented by prophylactic use of the starch-based medical device 4DryField. Methods The course of 40 patients with surgery for intestinal obstruction and, partially, second intervention was analyzed. In both operations, adhesion severity and extent were scored 0 (no adhesions) to III (massive/dense and vascular adhesions) and 0 (no adhesions) to III (extensive, covering more than approximately 25 × 25 cm), respectively. To prevent recurrence of adhesions all patients were treated with 4DryField gel (60 mL saline solution per 5 g powder), evenly distributed on the whole impaired intestine (including anastomoses) before abdominal closure. Follow-up was up to 1.5 years in a 3 to 6 months' interval. Results Eight patients had relaparotomies on postoperative days 1 to 155. In the first operation, median adhesion severity score was III, median adhesion extent II. In redo-surgeries, significantly lower scores were detected (median adhesion severity: 0, p = 0.0003; median adhesion extent: 0, p = 0.0009). No adverse events related to the product were observed. One patient had later redo-surgery in another hospital due to recurrence of adhesions, one patient suffered from flatulence. All other patients were free of adhesion-related symptoms during follow-up. Conclusion Based on the high severity of diseases and the significant reduction of adhesion severity and extent in redo-surgeries, 4DryField gel is a promising adjunct for adhesion prevention in bowel surgery. The favorable results should be confirmed in prospective randomized trials.