The Relationship between Social Comparison, Depression, and Interpersonal Orientation among Normal, Gifted, and Disabled Female Students in Makkah Secondary Schools
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social comparison, depression, and interpersonal orientation among normal, gifted and disabled female students in Makkah secondary schools. The study tools consisted of the Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (INCOM), the translated version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Interpersonal Orientation Scale. The study participants comprised 185 secondary female students: 109 normal students, 46 gifted students, and 30 students with special needs. The results showed a non-significant negative correlation between social comparison, depression, and interpersonal orientation among gifted students, while there was a significant correlation between depression and social comparison among normal students. No significant correlation was found between social comparison, depression, and interpersonal orientation among students with disabilities. The results found a significant correlation between social comparison and depression among the three groups in favor of gifted students.