information dynamic
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2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1416-1425
Author(s):  
Niels Chr. Hansen ◽  
Haley E. Kragness ◽  
Peter Vuust ◽  
Laurel Trainor ◽  
Marcus T. Pearce

Anticipating the future is essential for efficient perception and action planning. Yet the role of anticipation in event segmentation is understudied because empirical research has focused on retrospective cues such as surprise. We address this concern in the context of perception of musical-phrase boundaries. A computational model of cognitive sequence processing was used to control the information-dynamic properties of tone sequences. In an implicit, self-paced listening task ( N = 38), undergraduates dwelled longer on tones generating high entropy (i.e., high uncertainty) than on those generating low entropy (i.e., low uncertainty). Similarly, sequences that ended on tones generating high entropy were rated as sounding more complete ( N = 31 undergraduates). These entropy effects were independent of both the surprise (i.e., information content) and phrase position of target tones in the original musical stimuli. Our results indicate that events generating high entropy prospectively contribute to segmentation processes in auditory sequence perception, independently of the properties of the subsequent event.


Author(s):  
Haixin Zhong ◽  
Rubin Wang

AbstractThe information processing mechanisms of the visual nervous system remain to be unsolved scientific issues in neuroscience field, owing to a lack of unified and widely accepted theory for explanation. It has been well documented that approximately 80% of the rich and complicated perceptual information from the real world is transmitted to the visual cortex, and only a small fraction of visual information reaches the primary visual cortex (V1). This, nevertheless, does not affect our visual perception. Furthermore, how neurons in the secondary visual cortex (V2) encode such a small amount of visual information has yet to be addressed. To this end, the current paper established a visual network model for retina-lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)-V1–V2 and quantitatively accounted for that response to the scarcity of visual information and encoding rules, based on the principle of neural mapping from V1 to V2. The results demonstrated that the visual information has a small degree of dynamic degradation when it is mapped from V1 to V2, during which there is a convolution calculation occurring. Therefore, visual information dynamic degradation mainly manifests itself along the pathway of the retina to V1, rather than V1 to V2. The slight changes in the visual information are attributable to the fact that the receptive fields (RFs) of V2 cannot further extract the image features. Meanwhile, despite the scarcity of visual information mapped from the retina, the RFs of V2 can still accurately respond to and encode “corner” information, due to the effects of synaptic plasticity, but the similar function does not exist in V1. This is a new discovery that has never been noticed before. To sum up, the coding of the “contour” feature (edge and corner) is achieved in the pathway of retina-LGN-V1–V2.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixin Zhong ◽  
Rubin Wang

Abstract The information processing mechanisms of the visual nervous system remain to be unsolved scientific issues in neuroscience field, owing to a lack of unified and widely accepted theory for explanation. It has been well documented that approximately 80% of the rich and complicated perceptual information from the real world is transmitted to the visual cortex, only a small fraction of visual information reaches the V1 area. This, nevertheless, does not affect our visual perception. Furthermore, how neurons in V2 encode such a small amount of visual information has yet to be addressed. To this end, the current paper establishes a visual network model for retina-LGN-V1-V2 and quantitatively accounts for that response to the scarcity of visual information and encoding rules, based on the principle of neural mapping from V1 to V2. The results demonstrate that the visual information has a small degree of dynamic degradation when it is mapped from V1 to V2, during which there is a convolution calculation occurring. Therefore, visual information dynamic degradation mainly manifests itself along the pathway of the retina to V1, rather than V1 to V2. The slight changes in the visual information are attributable to the fact that the receptive fields (RFs) of V2 cannot further extract the image features. Meanwhile, despite the scarcity of visual information mapped from the retina, the RFs of V2 can still accurately respond to and encode “corner” information, due to the effects of synaptic plasticity, of which function is not existed in V1. This is a new discovery that has never been noticed before. To sum up, the coding of the “contour” feature (edge and corner) is achieved in the pathway of retina-LGN-V1-V2.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Andrejević ◽  
Joshua P. White ◽  
Daniel Feuerriegel ◽  
Simon Laham ◽  
Stefan Bode

AbstractPeople are often cautious in delivering moral judgments of others’ behaviours, as falsely accusing others of wrongdoing can be costly for social relationships. Caution might further be present when making judgements in information-dynamic environments, as contextual updates can change our minds. This study investigated the processes with which moral valence and context expectancy drive caution in moral judgements. Across two experiments, participants (N = 122) made moral judgements of others’ sharing actions. Prior to judging, participants were informed whether contextual information regarding the deservingness of the recipient would follow. We found that participants slowed their moral judgements when judging negatively valenced actions and when expecting contextual updates. Using a diffusion decision model framework, these changes were explained by shifts in drift rate and decision bias (valence) and boundary setting (context), respectively. These findings demonstrate how moral decision caution can be decomposed into distinct aspects of the unfolding decision process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 05036
Author(s):  
Vladislav Zhukov ◽  
Ekaterina Tugolukova

The purpose of this study is to apply modern methods of metaphorical, simulation, and tabular modeling in creating images of design objects represented by visual-symbolic cognitive information dynamic systems (VKIDS) with locally stable structures (LUS) in the design of dominant modules of interiors and/or exteriors, modernist organizing human living space using cognitive technologies in the subject area of objects of plastic arts and design based on the representation of the pastel palette of E. Degas’ creativity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 05030
Author(s):  
Vladislav Zhukov ◽  
Anastasia Smirnova

The study of images of bladed-edged weapons, which allowed to design a paryura, was carried out. To create images of design objects –parures represented by visual-symbolic cognitive information dynamic systems (VKIDS) with locally stable structures (LUS) in the development of cognitive technologies of plastic arts and design, the methods of linguistic-combinatorial and tabular modelling were used. RESULTS: the study of morphology, colourists, eidos, and concept in the creation of images of design objects-jewellery associated with the main symbolized elements of state and social policy management, represented by images of sacred, astral cosmogony, and cosmology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 05034
Author(s):  
Vladislav Zhukov ◽  
Anastasia Smirnova ◽  
Alina Vorobyova ◽  
Ksenia Kosyakova

Currently, there is no holistic concept of the creative possibilities of humanity and its civilizations, which confirms the relevance of this study. To create images of design objects – edged weapons, represented by visual-symbolic cognitive information dynamic systems (VKIDS) with locally stable structures (LUS) in the development of cognitive technologies of plastic arts and design, the methods of linguistic-combinatorial and tabular modelling were used. RESULTS: the morphogenesis of images of objects of design, represented by a cluster of bladed weapons and logotypes decor and marks of identification, as a result of cognitive technologies in the creation of SKIDS that provides a universal language of communication in relationships ontological and semiotic realities, which increases the growing importance of the plastic arts and design, focused on images of artefacts vintage and modern bladed weapons through the concepts of archetypes symbols and signs: system, taxonomy and classification.


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