Remarkable COx tolerance of Ni3+ active species in Ni2O3 catalyst for sustained electrochemical urea oxidation

The electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) provides a cost-effective way of generating hydrogen owing to its low thermodynamic energy barrier. Although UOR is an effective way to generate hydrogen, sustained...

The temporal nature of architecture

The desire for permanence that has been fundamental to architecture ignores the actuality of the physical world. The flow of time, linked to the process of articulation, is notably absent, resulting in an architecture that is misconstrued as static, passive, and deterministic. This conception of architecture is rooted in a conception of the world which has since been deemed obsolete. Form exists as a transient manifestation of process. This temporal act of creation is perpetual, which depicts form as a momentary state in an object’s continuous actualization. It has been said that process, rather than substance, is the prime constituent of the world. Architecture can be seen as a transient formation of tangible and intangible constituents that are understood as thermodynamic energy processes. Material formation, symbiotically linked to cultural transience, depicts an architecture with no absolute state, rather, it is constantly becoming.

The temporal nature of architecture

The desire for permanence that has been fundamental to architecture ignores the actuality of the physical world. The flow of time, linked to the process of articulation, is notably absent, resulting in an architecture that is misconstrued as static, passive, and deterministic. This conception of architecture is rooted in a conception of the world which has since been deemed obsolete. Form exists as a transient manifestation of process. This temporal act of creation is perpetual, which depicts form as a momentary state in an object’s continuous actualization. It has been said that process, rather than substance, is the prime constituent of the world. Architecture can be seen as a transient formation of tangible and intangible constituents that are understood as thermodynamic energy processes. Material formation, symbiotically linked to cultural transience, depicts an architecture with no absolute state, rather, it is constantly becoming.

Mechanism for the spatial pattern of the amplitude changes in tropical intraseasonal and interannual variability under global warming

This study investigates what forms the spatial pattern of the amplitude changes in tropical intraseasonal and interannual variability – represented by the two most important variables, precipitation (ΔP′) and circulation (Δω′) – under global warming, based on 24 models from the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Diagnostic analyses reveal that the moisture budget and thermodynamic energy equations related to the ΔP′ and Δω′ proposed separately in previous studies are simultaneously tenable. As a result, we investigate the mechanism for the spatial pattern of Δω′ from the perspective of moist static energy (MSE) balance mainly considering the positive contribution from vertical advection. Therefore, based on the simplified MSE balance, the spatial pattern of Δω′ can be approximately projected based on three factors: background circulation variability ω′, the vertical gradient of mean-state MSE , and its future change Δ. Under global warming, the middle-level vertical gradient of MSE increases slightly over Indian Ocean and maritime continent and decreases over the equatorial Pacific where the increase in sea surface temperature (SST) exceeds the tropical mean. The vertical gradient of mean-state MSE is modified by the increase in vertical gradients of moisture and dry static energy (DSE) simultaneously. In short, the change in the vertical gradient of mean-state MSE under global warming can influence the moisture budget and thermodynamic energy balances, resulting in the spatial pattern of ΔP′ and Δω′ at intraseasonal and interannual timescales consequently, mainly determined by the lower boundary moisture condition in the response of SST change pattern.

Bioenergy, Thermodynamics and Inequalities

Any serious study of bioenergy and global inequalities must take account of the oppression inherent in thermodynamic energy itself. Because this topic is widely neglected by academics and activists alike, the chapter first describes how the abstract nature that we now call energy was organized during the nineteenth century in conjunction with new waves of capitalist mechanization centred on labour control and productivity. It then goes on to set out some of the ways in which the social or ecological contradictions of thermodynamic energy are intensified in the twentieth-century bioeconomy. Finally, the chapter draws out some of the implications for how social movements might place themselves more strategically in struggles over today’s bioeconomy.

Molecular simulation study for adsorption and thermal energy storage analysis of refrigerants (R170, R161, R152a, and R143a) mixed with UIO-67 nanoparticles

Generally, with the help of adding solid materials, the thermophysical behaviors of refrigerant can be modified. In this work, four kinds of organic refrigerants (i.e. ethane R170, 1-fluoroethane R161, 1,1-difluoroethane R152a, and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane R143a) mixed with metal–organic framework UIO-67 nanoparticles are selected as the objects, their thermodynamic energy, adsorption, desorption heat, and energy storage properties are investigated by means of molecular simulations and thermodynamic calculations. The simulation method and calculation details are elaborated. The results illustrate that the relationship between the change of thermodynamic energy and the temperature is linear, and the adsorption of refrigerants in UIO-67 can be reinforced owing to the fluorine atom in the refrigerants. However, R170, the fluorine-free refrigerant, has greater enthalpy variation of desorption than the other three refrigerants containing fluorine atom under some pressures. The thermal energy storage capacity of the refrigerant/UIO-67 mixture is greater than that of the pure refrigerant at low pressure. Meantime, as the refrigerant undergoes phase transition, the weakened improvement of the energy storage property of the refrigerant/UIO-67 mixture is found in some cases. This work can not only enrich the content of researches about metal–organic heat carrier nanofluids (MOHCs), but also provide guidance for the performance improvement and practical application of organic refrigerants.