Evolution of the Efficiency of Divalent Cobalt and Copper Chelates Based on Isatin Derivatives and Thiosemicarbazide Ligands as Inhibitors for the Corrosion of Sabic Iron in Acidic Medium

Divalent cobalt and copper chelates of the two ligands 1-(1- Ethoxycarbonylmethyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) thiosemicarbazide (EOIT) and 1-(1-Benzyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) thiosemicarbazide (BOIT) are the target compounds of the current study. Identification of the constitution and geometry of these compounds have been performed using the possible physicochemical and analytical instruments. Elemental analysis, molar conductance and thermal analysis assured the composition of the four chelates to be [Co(POIT)Cl]•1.5H2O, [Cu(POIT)Cl], [Co(BOIT)Cl2(H2O)]•5H2O and [Cu(BOIT)Cl]•Cl which was further confirmed by the measurement of mass spectra. The architecture arrangement of the ligand atoms around Co and Cu centers has been determined depending on the UV-Vis spectral measurements and calculation of µeff values assuring the copper compounds to be square plane whereas the cobalt complexes have tetrahedral or octahedral arrangements. These compounds were examined as corrosion inhibitors for the Sabic steel in 1.0 M HCl utilizing potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, mass-loss method and scanning electron microscopy at fixed temperature of 298 K. The acquired outcomes disclosed that the inhibition efficiencies (% IEs) of the examined compounds were set to be dependent on both the concentrations and composition of the compounds. The examined compounds were set to have high % IEs, which were interpreted by strong adsorption of the compounds’ molecules on the iron surface and such adsorption was discovered to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The investigational results obtained from all utilized techniques were set to be in a good accord with each other.

Effect of organic minerals and alpha-ketoglutarate in pheasant diet on performance, hatchability and the composition of eggs

This study determined the effect of supplementation of the pheasant diet with mineral components (Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu) from organic sources with or without the addition of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) on productivity, hatchability parameters, nutrients and mineral content in pheasant eggs. Studies were performed on three groups of laying pheasants, which were kept in aviaries and received a standard mixture (Group I, the control group), a mixture with Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu glycinates which replaced 50% of the mineral components in inorganic form (Group II), or a mixture with chelates and a 200 mg alpha-ketoglutarate supplement (Group III). Supplementation of the diet with chelates raised the content level of the mineral components in the whole egg and yolk, mainly the contents of calcium, zinc and iron. The addition of 200 mg of alpha-ketoglutarate to the diet with calcium, zinc, iron and copper chelates of glycine (50% of the supplemented elements) resulted in improved laying capacity and rates of reproduction and rearing of chicks, with a slight decrease in the size and weight of eggs. The eggshell was thinner, and the albumen and the Haugh Unit score were higher. Inorganic mineral components can be replaced by glycine chelates at up to 50%, especially with the addition of 200 mg of AKG, in the pheasant diet in commercial breeding.

AGROCHEMICAL REGULATORY INDICATORS OF MINERAL NUTRITION OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA

The authors studied the influence of different methods of using micronutrient fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat grain and established standard agrochemical indicators of mineral nutrition on the grassland-chernozem soil of the Omsk region. Use was made of helated micronutrient fertilizers (zinc and copper). Chelated micronutrient fertilizers are an organic complex of a microelement with a chelating agent, in which the microelement is freely absorbed by the plant. The advantages of chelated micronutrient fertilizers are an increase in the availability of trace elements, because these compounds are entirely supplied to the leaf during foliar feeding or during pre-sowing treatment of seeds, protection against the formation of insoluble, inaccessible, economical consumption. The experiment established that the use of zinc and copper chelates in the cultivation of spring wheat in the forest-steppe conditions of the Omsk region is effective. The best rate of zinc and copper for pre-sowing seed treatment is 200 g/t. For foliar top dressing in the tillering phase, the best rate of zinc chelate is 20 g/ha, the most effective top dressing is copper chelate at a rate of 10 g/ha, as it is less expensive in terms of the amount of the applied product. Optimizing spring wheat nutrition by using zinc and copper chelates by foliar feeding of plants in the phase of stemming provided an average increase in yield from 0.03 to 0.16 t/ha of grain (1.4–7.3% compared to control). Experiments revealed a positive effect of zinc chelate in this phase of the yield development, when zinc was used at a rate of 20 g/ha, the greatest yield increase was obtained 0.14 t/ha (2.20 t/ha in control), when using copper chelate the maximum yield was obtained at a rate of 20 g/ha. To obtain a ton of yield in the best version of Zn200, spring wheat required: N – 35.7 kg, P2О5 – 21.9 kg, K2О – 22.6 kg, Zn – 47.56 g, Cu – 5.91 kg. When treating Cu200, the removal of nutrients amounted to: N – 33.9 kg, P2О5 – 21.8 kg, K2О – 22.1 kg, Zn – 54.03 g, Cu – 4.80 g. When carrying out foliar top dressing in the tillering phase of Zn20, the removal of nutrients from a ton of crop yield amounted to: N – 35.4 kg, P2О5 – 23.4 kg, K2O – 23.4 kg, Zn – 49.7 g, Cu – 4.87 g; in the Cu10 variant it was required: N – 34.3 kg, P2O5 – 22.5 kg, K2O – 23.6 kg, Zn – 52.9 g, Cu – 4.36 g. Foliar dressing in the booting phase at a rate of Zn20 was characterized by the following per-ton removal: N – 34.6 kg, P2О5 – 25.3 kg, K2О – 24.9 kg, Zn – 65.0 g, Cu – 5.13 g, treatment with copper chelates Cu20, the removal of nutrients amounted to: N – 34.7 kg, P2О5 – 24.4 kg, K2O – 25.9 kg, Zn – 61.1 g, Cu – 6.4 g. The element utilization coefficients from the soil (EUC) accounted for: nitrogen – 87%, phosphorus – 8.0%, potassium – 6.0%, zinc – 7.0%, copper – 2.0%.

A convenient and practical synthesis of β-diketones bearing linear perfluorinated alkyl groups and a 2-thienyl moiety

A versatile and robust synthetic protocol for the preparation of β-diketones bearing 2-thienyl and perfluorinated alkyl radicals of different length or a methyl group was developed. This protocol is suitable for the preparation of multigram quantities of diketones without cumbersome purification procedures. Moreover, the known method for purification of diketones via copper chelates was improved considerably.