Changing the Dynamics of the Market of Fertilizers in Mexico

This chapter aims to analyze the market of fertilizers in Mexico during the pandemic crisis. This analysis of the fertilizer market in Mexico points out that the consumption of fertilizers has undergone a change in the structure in favor of consumers with the highest concentration and diversification. The method used is the analytical-descriptive and the critical reflexive based on the quantitative data obtained from secondary sources. The functioning of an integral model of entrepreneurship in green innovation business (GIB) that is currently emerging and in the process of internationalization is analyzed. This chapter analyzes a particular company that specializes in ecological biomineral organic fertilizer where no chemical product is used to produce the composition. Everything that is marketed is made up of a base of organic minerals and other organic compounds.

A Comprehensive Entrepreneurship Model for the Internationalization of Green Innovation Businesses

The objective of this chapter is to analyze the functioning of an integral model of entrepreneurship in green innovation business (GIB) that is currently emerging and in the process of internationalization. Therefore, this work aims to study the central perspectives of technology that are based on the phenomenon of entrepreneurship and thus develop a strategy that adapts to companies with an ecological basis to achieve internationalization. This chapter analyzes a particular company that specializes in ecological biomineral organic fertilizer, where no chemical product is used to produce the composition; everything that is marketed is made up of a base of organic minerals and other organic compounds.

Reproductive Ability of Doe-Rabbits and Growth and Preservation of the Offspring by Feeding Sulfur Compounds

The use of organic minerals in the form of nanocompounds as a substitute for mineral inorganic salts is promising, but insufficiently studied. Therefore, the purpose of the search was to determine the influence of drinking sulfur citrate and sodium sulfate 14 days before insemination and up to 20th day of lactation on the reproductive capacity of rabbits and the preservation of the offspring up to 40th day of life. The research was carried out on rabbits of the second breed of Hyla breed in “Horlytsia”. Сontrol group were fed without restriction complete ration granular feed with free access to water. 1st experimental group were fed with the ration of the control group and during the day were watered with sulfur citrate, at the rate of 8 μg S/kg of body weight. II experimental group were fed with the ration of the control group and with water was given sodium sulfate in the amount of 40 mg S/kg of body weight. Additives to rabbits were watered 14 days before insemination and for up to 20 days of lactation. It was found that on the first day of life of young rabbits their number in the I and II experimental groups was respectively higher by 8.5 and 4.2% compared to the control. The number of young rabbits at 20 and 40 days of age in the I and II experimental groups was respectively higher by 10.4 and 4.4% and 14.0 and 4.6% compared to the control group. The weight of rabbits in the nest of the II experimental group at 1, 20 and 40 days of life was respectively higher by 2.8; 6.1 and 7.0%, which is based on the average mass of one rabbit for these periods and amounted to 1.1, respectively; 2.7 and 4.3% compared with animals in the control group. The average amount of milk produced by rabbits of I and II experimental groups was respectively higher by 10.2% and 6.6% per day and for 20 days of the lactation period compared to the control. The preservation of rabbits in the I and II experimental groups was respectively higher by 6.4 and 6.4% and 3.6 and 4.4% at 20 and 40 days of life of young rabbits compared to the control group. The results of the research indicate the possibility of additional use in the ration of rabbits of the addition of sulfur citrate in the amount of 8 μg S/kg of body weight to increase metabolism and reproductive capacity during periods of increased physiological load

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Organic Minerals on Growth Performance of Broilers

A study was conducted to assess the effects of replacing inorganic ‘zinc’ and ‘manganese’ with different levels of their organic complexes on growth performance and nutrient metabolizability of broilers. Experiment was conducted with 300 broiler chicks randomly divided into six groups, each consisting of 50 broiler chicks. All groups were further subdivided into five replications each containing 10 broiler chicks. The basal ration was formulated as per BIS (2007) specifications to meet energy and protein requirements of birds. In experimental groups, first group was kept as negative control (T1) containing mineral mixture without ‘zinc’ and ‘manganese’ and T2 (positive control containing mineral mixture with inorganic salts of ‘zinc’ and ‘manganese’) while experimental groups T3, T4, T5 and T6 were supplemented with mineral mixture incorporated with organic ‘zinc’ and organic ‘manganese’ @ 50 and 100% in substitution of their inorganic sources. The highest body weight gain (2334.4g) and improved FCR (1.76) in broilers was observed in T6 group which was significantly (P<0.05) better than negative and positive control groups.

Valorisation of Fruit & Vegetable wastes: A Review

: Fruits and vegetables play an important part in the diets of global human population. During processing, the unused residues such as peels, stalks, rinds, stem, leaves etc. come out as waste. Due to the high moisture content of these perishable wastes, they undergo rapid decomposition that leads to foul odour and growth of pathogens. Almost, 30% of the loss occurs at the supply, retail, consumer, post-harvest and processing level. The perishable waste like peels, pomace, seeds etc. act as threat for the environment and degrade pollution-free model. The wastes are rich in protein, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and other phytochemicals and bioactive compounds such as pigments, dietary fibre, essential oils etc. Recent researches have shown that there is an increase in the utilization of these wastes for the extraction of value-added products such as bioactive compounds, bio-colorants, organic acids, Single cell protein (SCP), organic minerals, enzymes and others. The present review paper deals with the recent studies conducted on valorisation of the fruit & vegetable waste.

Organic Minerals Suitability Assessment on the Biochemical Characters of Common Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.under Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh

An experiment has been conducted to assess the real time utility and abundance of organic minerals in cultivation of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh with the aim of finding the effect of available soil organic minerals on various biochemicals or chemical characters including yield attributes. For the experiment, the cultivar namely RAJ-4037 which is best for dry land area and crop matures in 120 days. This variety is suitable for bakery and beverage industry, has been taken. The pre availability of manures were measured and the application of various fertilizers have been done as per the recommended dose for the cultivation. The data of various biochemical characters like Dry matter accumulation, Protein content, NPK in grain, NPK in straw, yield and biological yields have been recorded as per standard methods. The results revealed that organic minerals had a significant impact to influence the various biochemical traits such as dry matter accumulation maximum in FYM, Protein content (11.18), NPK (0.60; 0.35 and 0.36) were recorded maximum in vermin compost treatment.

VAYAHSTHAPANA DASHAKAYA - A REVIEW

Vayahsthapana Dashakaya is a medicinal group including herbal plants and organic minerals mentioned in Ayur- veda authentic text Charaka Samhita. Amruta, Abhaya, Dhatri, Mukta, Shveta, Jivanti, Atirasa, Mandukaparni, Sthira, and Punarnava are the ten ingredients of Vayahsthapana Dashakaya. The majority of these ingredients contain Rasayana action which is beneficial in anti-ageing treatment. Through Rasayana treatment, which is also known as a promotive treatment, one can attain effects including longevity, youthful age, excellent lustre, and complexion. This study was focused to analyze the Pharmacodynamic, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacological potentials of Vayahsthapana Dashakaya and their action in anti-ageing treatment. The contents were collected from authentic Ayurveda texts, monographs, dictionaries, websites, and research articles. Results of the study re- vealed that 80% possibility of Deepana action, Rasayana action (70%), Balya (50%), Medhya (50%), Hridya (40%), Vrushya (20%), and Brunhana (20%) were present as prominent actions of Vayahsthapana dashakaya which are beneficial in delaying the ageing process and its ill effects. Keywords: Ayurveda, Rasayana, Vayahsthapana Dashakaya, Anti-ageing,

Nanominerals: Fabrication Methods, Benefits and Hazards, and Their Applications in Ruminants with Special Reference to Selenium and Zinc Nanoparticles

Nanotechnology is one of the major advanced technologies applied in different fields, including agriculture, livestock, medicine, and food sectors. Nanomaterials can help maintain the sustainability of the livestock sector through improving quantitative and qualitative production of safe, healthy, and functional animal products. Given the diverse nanotechnology applications in the animal nutrition field, the use of nanomaterials opens the horizon of opportunities for enhancing feed utilization and efficiency in animal production. Nanotechnology facilitates the development of nano vehicles for nutrients (including trace minerals), allowing efficient delivery to improve digestion and absorption for better nutrient metabolism and physiology. Nanominerals are interesting alternatives for inorganic and organic minerals for animals that can substantially enhance the bioavailability and reduce pollution. Nanominerals promote antioxidant activity, and improve growth performance, reproductive performance, immune response, intestinal health, and the nutritional value of animal products. Nanominerals are also helpful for improving assisted reproductive technologies (ART) outcomes by enriching media for cryopreservation of spermatozoa, oocytes, and embryos with antioxidant nanominerals. Despite the promising positive effects of nanominerals on animal performance and health, there are various challenges related to nanominerals, including their metabolism and fate in the animal’s body. Thus, the economic, legal, and ethical implications of nanomaterials must also be considered by the authority. This review highlights the benefits of including nanominerals (particularly nano-selenium and nano-zinc) in animal diets and/or cryopreservation media, focusing on modes of action, physiological effects, and the potential toxicity of their impact on human health.

Organic copper, iron, manganese and zinc: digestibility, production parameters and egg quality of layers

ABSTRACT This study examined the replacement of the inorganic minerals (IM) Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn with their organic form (OM) in the diet of 67-week-old Dekalb White laying hens by comparing digestibility, production and egg quality. The experiment involved 240 birds, with 48 birds used per treatment and 12 per replicate. Isoenergetic and isonutrient diets were supplemented with 8mg Cu, 50mg Fe, 70mg Mn and 50mg Zn per kilogram of diet from an inorganic premix (IM100), from an organic premix (OM100), or the latter at the decreasing inclusion levels of 65% (OM65), 45% (OM45) and 35% (OM35). The following variables were evaluated: production, eggs per housed bird (EHB), viability, egg weight and mass, cracked and lost eggs, digestibility and egg physicochemical traits. Birds fed OM35 and OM45 showed lower production rates, and organic minerals provided the highest egg weights, regardless of their inclusion level. Accordingly, egg mass was similar between IM100, OM45 and OM35, and highest values were obtained with OM100 and OM65. Source or level had no influence on digestibility or egg quality. Supplementation with 2.8mg Cu, 17.5mg Fe, 24.5m g Mn and 17.5mg Zn per kilogram of diet (OM35) in the last third of the laying cycle provided relevant economic production indices (EHB, viability, egg weight or mass).

Effects of Different Patterns and Sources of Trace Elements on Laying Performance, Tissue Mineral Deposition, and Fecal Excretion in Laying Hens

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different patterns and sources of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Se on performance, mineral deposition (liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, pectorals muscle, and tibia), and excretion of laying hens, then to find an optimal dietary supplemental pattern of trace elements in laying hens. A total of 864 healthy laying hens with similar laying rate (Roman, 26-week-old) were randomly divided into nine treatments, with six replications of 16 birds per replication, including a control treatment and four patterns with different element sources (inorganic or organic): (1) Control treatment (basic diet without added extra trace minerals, CT); pattern 1, NRC (1994) recommended level (NRC-L): (2) inorganic minerals of NRC-L pattern (IN), (3) organic minerals of NRC-L pattern (ON); pattern 2, NY/T 33-2004 recommended level (NY/T-L): (4) inorganic minerals of NY/T-L pattern (IY), (5) organic minerals of NY/T-L pattern (OY); pattern 3, 50% NRC (1994) recommended level (50% NRC-L): (6) inorganic minerals of 50% NRC-L pattern (IHN), (7) organic minerals of 50% NRC-L pattern (OHN); pattern 4, the ratio of minerals in blood of laying hens was taken as the supplement proportion of trace elements, and Zn was supplemented depended on NRC recommended level (TLB): (8) inorganic minerals of TLB pattern (IB), (9) organic minerals of TLB pattern (OB). Two weeks were allowed for adjustment to the conditions and then measurements were made over eight weeks. Supplementation of trace elements led to increased daily egg weight (p < 0.05). Patterns of minerals in diets affected the content of liver Mn, pancreas Mn, tibia Mn, and the tissues Se (p < 0.05). Sources of minerals had positive effects on daily egg weight (p < 0.05), the concentrations of liver Fe, kidney Cu, tissues Se (except spleen), and fecal Se (p < 0.05). In conclusion, diet supplemented with the organic trace minerals of 50% NRC-L pattern (OHN) in laying hens promoted optimum laying performance, mineral deposition, and reduced mineral excretion.