AGROCHEMICAL REGULATORY INDICATORS OF MINERAL NUTRITION OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA

The authors studied the influence of different methods of using micronutrient fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat grain and established standard agrochemical indicators of mineral nutrition on the grassland-chernozem soil of the Omsk region. Use was made of helated micronutrient fertilizers (zinc and copper). Chelated micronutrient fertilizers are an organic complex of a microelement with a chelating agent, in which the microelement is freely absorbed by the plant. The advantages of chelated micronutrient fertilizers are an increase in the availability of trace elements, because these compounds are entirely supplied to the leaf during foliar feeding or during pre-sowing treatment of seeds, protection against the formation of insoluble, inaccessible, economical consumption. The experiment established that the use of zinc and copper chelates in the cultivation of spring wheat in the forest-steppe conditions of the Omsk region is effective. The best rate of zinc and copper for pre-sowing seed treatment is 200 g/t. For foliar top dressing in the tillering phase, the best rate of zinc chelate is 20 g/ha, the most effective top dressing is copper chelate at a rate of 10 g/ha, as it is less expensive in terms of the amount of the applied product. Optimizing spring wheat nutrition by using zinc and copper chelates by foliar feeding of plants in the phase of stemming provided an average increase in yield from 0.03 to 0.16 t/ha of grain (1.4–7.3% compared to control). Experiments revealed a positive effect of zinc chelate in this phase of the yield development, when zinc was used at a rate of 20 g/ha, the greatest yield increase was obtained 0.14 t/ha (2.20 t/ha in control), when using copper chelate the maximum yield was obtained at a rate of 20 g/ha. To obtain a ton of yield in the best version of Zn200, spring wheat required: N – 35.7 kg, P2О5 – 21.9 kg, K2О – 22.6 kg, Zn – 47.56 g, Cu – 5.91 kg. When treating Cu200, the removal of nutrients amounted to: N – 33.9 kg, P2О5 – 21.8 kg, K2О – 22.1 kg, Zn – 54.03 g, Cu – 4.80 g. When carrying out foliar top dressing in the tillering phase of Zn20, the removal of nutrients from a ton of crop yield amounted to: N – 35.4 kg, P2О5 – 23.4 kg, K2O – 23.4 kg, Zn – 49.7 g, Cu – 4.87 g; in the Cu10 variant it was required: N – 34.3 kg, P2O5 – 22.5 kg, K2O – 23.6 kg, Zn – 52.9 g, Cu – 4.36 g. Foliar dressing in the booting phase at a rate of Zn20 was characterized by the following per-ton removal: N – 34.6 kg, P2О5 – 25.3 kg, K2О – 24.9 kg, Zn – 65.0 g, Cu – 5.13 g, treatment with copper chelates Cu20, the removal of nutrients amounted to: N – 34.7 kg, P2О5 – 24.4 kg, K2O – 25.9 kg, Zn – 61.1 g, Cu – 6.4 g. The element utilization coefficients from the soil (EUC) accounted for: nitrogen – 87%, phosphorus – 8.0%, potassium – 6.0%, zinc – 7.0%, copper – 2.0%.

Ternary Cu(II) Complex with GHK Peptide and Cis-Urocanic Acid as a Potential Physiologically Functional Copper Chelate

The tripeptide NH2–Gly–His–Lys–COOH (GHK), cis-urocanic acid (cis-UCA) and Cu(II) ions are physiological constituents of the human body and they co-occur (e.g., in the skin and the plasma). While GHK is known as Cu(II)-binding molecule, we found that urocanic acid also coordinates Cu(II) ions. Furthermore, both ligands create ternary Cu(II) complex being probably physiologically functional species. Regarding the natural concentrations of the studied molecules in some human tissues, together with the affinities reported here, we conclude that the ternary complex [GHK][Cu(II)][cis-urocanic acid] may be partly responsible for biological effects of GHK and urocanic acid described in the literature.

The Digestibility of feed and productivity of young fattening pigs when using mixed-ligand complexes of copper

The balancing research has shown that there are certain changes in the body of young pigs for fattening under the infl uence of consumed feed and feed additives. During the balance experiment on pigs for fattening, the protein, fat and carbohydrate digestibility ratios and the nitrogen balance were studied. The digestibility and absorption of nutrients of the feed are infl uenced by many factors such as animal species, age, physiological state, feed type, method of retention, ratio and size of components, individual characteristics and others. The relationship between digestion and nutrient uptake in young pigs for fattening under the infl uence of Copper sulphate and the mixed-ligand complex of Copper added to the compound feed in diff erent quantities was investigated. The optimal dose of Copper in the compound feed for pig fattening pigs was established for feeding diff erent levels and sources of Copper. According to the results of the balance experiment, the best indices of the digestibility of nutrients were found in animals, the dose of the mixed-ligand complex of Copper in the compound feed was 21.2 g/t. With this dose of Copper chelate, the rate of digestibility of organic substances was 85.4 %, crude protein – 79.3 %, crude fat – 68.1 %, crude fi ber– 41.8 % and nitrogen-free extractives – 90.5 %, which exceeded control analogues, respectively, by 1.5%, 3.4; 2,7; 9.7 and 1.1 %. It was also found that the highest levels of Nitrogen uptake were observed in the animals of the experimental groups fed the Copper chelate in the amounts of 21.2 and 15.4 g/t respectively – 54.4 % and 54.3 %, respectively, by 9.9 % (p≤0.05) and 9.7 % higher compared to control animals. The impact of diff erent doses of mixed-ligand complex of Copper had an eff ect on the growth rates of animals, as evidenced by the results of live weight of pigs. The animals of the 4th and 5th experimental groups had the highest live weight, which fed the Copper bathrobe in the amount of 21.2 and 15.4 g/t of compound feed, which covered the Copper defi cit in the diet by 55 % and 40 %. Animals of these groups at the age of 150 days had a live weight of 2.3 % and 1.9 % more, respectively, compared to the same indicator in the control group. And at the age of 180 days pigs of the 4th experimental group were dominated by analogues of control by 3.8 %, and by 5th – by 3.3 %. Therefore, the results of the studies indicate a positive eff ect of the addition of organic-mineral origin of the mixed-ligand complex of Copper on the growth and development of young pigs on fattening. Key words: live weight, digestibility coeffi cient, pigs, fattening, organic substances, protein, fat, fi ber, Copper.

Spectral Characterization, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Molecular Docking Studies of Nanosized Cu(II) Hybrid with 2-Hydroxyphenylethylideneamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one

Nanosized Cu(II) hybrids derived 2-hydroxyphenylethylideneamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one (HPEAQ) was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and TGA analysis. The IR, 1H & 13C NMR spectra revealed that the HPEAQ coordinated its CH=N, C=O and deprotonated hydroxyl groups in coordination with Cu(II) ions (1-4). The geometries of copper(II) hybrids are octahedral geometry. The XRD and SEM images unequivocally definite the nanosized copper chelate (2). The antioxidant, cytotoxic activities and molecular docking technique of the compounds have also been screened.