Packet Transport Network Recovery System with Examination of Data Transmission Quality

A packet transport network recovery system based on failure pattern under examination of transmission quality is proposed. Network failures are segmented into one of the three patterns: single failure of a node, failures of multiple nodes, and failures of multiple network areas. The single failure is recovered by a protection scheme. For failures of multiple nodes or multiple areas, recovery is performed by a node-based multiple-backup operation plane scheme or by an area-based multiple-back operation plane scheme, respectively. A unique recovery ID is assigned to each failure pattern and backup paths with the recovery ID are stored in each node. When network failures occur, the network management server determines the type of failure and sends the appropriate recovery ID to the nodes. Then recovery paths are configured. Our proposed system took about 0.5[Formula: see text]s to configure 1000 backup paths after failures were detected, compared to about 4[Formula: see text]s by a conventional scheme. For the examination of data transmission quality, multiple paths that do not share the same link are grouped and configured concurrently. The number of groups is regarded as the performance of the configuration. The performance of the proposed system is about three times faster than a configuration without grouping.

Semiempirical Mathematical Models of Spinning Friction Steel ShKh15 Steel Titles on Steel R6M5, on a Scheme of a Globe Plane Taking into Account Wear

The paper presents the results of the study of the friction of the spherical ball made of steel SHKH15 on the flat surface of the prism of steel R6M5. It has been established that as a result of the friction of the rotation according to the “ball-plane” scheme, at a steady wear mode, the torque of the friction of the rotation also becomes steady. It is shown that the change in the friction torque of the rotation from the load does not fit within the limits of one linear dependence, similar to G. Amonton's law. Semi-empirical models of friction rotation are given.

Investigation of Multi-Plane Scheme for Compensation of Fringe Effect of Electrical Resistance Tomography Sensor

Conventional electrical resistance tomography (ERT) sensors suffer from the fringe effect, i.e., severe distortion of the electric field on both ends of the measurement electrodes, leading to a 3D sensing region for a 2D sensor. As a result, the objects outside an ERT sensor plane affect the sensing and hence image, i.e., deteriorating the image quality. To address this issue, a multiple-plane ERT sensor scheme is proposed in this paper. With this scheme, auxiliary sensor planes are used to provide references for the fringe effect of the measurement plane, for compensation by subtracting the weighed influence of the fringe effect. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme, either three-plane or two-plane sensor, can compensate for the fringe effect induced by objects outside the measurement plane with a variety of axial object distributions, i.e., several non-conductive bars or conductive bars placed at different cross-sectional and axial positions inside the sensor. Experiments were carried out. Images obtained with single-plane and multiple-plane ERT sensors are compared, and the proposed compensation scheme has been hence verified.

Reconstruction of Space Distribution of Characteristics in Compound Structures by General Ray Method

ABSTRACTRecognition of material structures, particularly, identification of electrical properties of materials by Electrical Tomography is very important in different applied problems. In a plane case Electrical Tomography can be mathematically described as a coefficient inverse problem for the Laplace type equation, written in the divergent form. The General Ray (GR) Principle, proposed by the author, reduces the Laplace type equation to the family of ordinary differential equations with respect the traces of the potential function and the permittivity function on the lines, which intersect the plane domain. General Ray Principle was realized as General Ray method and fast algorithm for the plane domains. In presented investigation we apply the plane scheme of GR-method for some space domains to identify distribution of structure characteristics inside it. For this we consider the space domain as assemblage of plane slices. Reconstructing desired distribution in each plane slice we obtain then the space internal distribution of electrical characteristics by 3D spline approximation. We consider here specific variant of the measurement scheme for the 3D Electrical Tomography (ET), based on the variant, proposed by the author for the plane domain. Proposed approach gives, in principle, the possibility to use a large number of electrodes, obtain more values of the input data and reconstruct the desired space structure more perfectly. Computer simulation of this 3D scheme is realized as MATLAB software and justified by numerical experiments on simulated examples.

Robust Speed Limits Scheme Design for Bimodal Transportation Systems

In the context of travel demand uncertainty, this paper investigates how to determine the robust road speed limits for improving mobility and lowering vehicular emissions in bimodal transportation systems that involve private cars and subway. More specifically, the total demand vector is supposed to vary within a given set. Our target is to find the optimal road speed limits against the worst feasible demand scenario so as to minimize the sum social cost of system travel time and vehicular emissions. In order to estimate traffic emissions more reliably, motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES) is utilized to simulate the emission factor function with respect to average speed. On these bases, we formulate the robust speed limits design problem as a “min-max” nonlinear model with complementarity constraints and solve it iteratively by a cutting-plane scheme that contains two sub-MPCCs. A numerical example is illustrated at the end.