scholarly journals Robust Speed Limits Scheme Design for Bimodal Transportation Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ke Yu ◽  
Yanni Yang ◽  
Lang Fan
Keyword(s):  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Scheme Design ◽  
Road Speed ◽  
Demand Scenario ◽  
Plane Scheme

In the context of travel demand uncertainty, this paper investigates how to determine the robust road speed limits for improving mobility and lowering vehicular emissions in bimodal transportation systems that involve private cars and subway. More specifically, the total demand vector is supposed to vary within a given set. Our target is to find the optimal road speed limits against the worst feasible demand scenario so as to minimize the sum social cost of system travel time and vehicular emissions. In order to estimate traffic emissions more reliably, motor vehicle emission simulator (MOVES) is utilized to simulate the emission factor function with respect to average speed. On these bases, we formulate the robust speed limits design problem as a “min-max” nonlinear model with complementarity constraints and solve it iteratively by a cutting-plane scheme that contains two sub-MPCCs. A numerical example is illustrated at the end.

scholarly journals European birds adjust their flight initiation distance to road speed limits

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 20130417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Legagneux ◽  
Simon Ducatez
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Flight Initiation Distance ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Road Speed ◽  
Flight Initiation ◽  
Local Speed

Behavioural responses can help species persist in habitats modified by humans. Roads and traffic greatly affect animals' mortality not only through habitat structure modifications but also through direct mortality owing to collisions. Although species are known to differ in their sensitivity to the risk of collision, whether individuals can change their behaviour in response to this is still unknown. Here, we tested whether common European birds changed their flight initiation distances (FIDs) in response to vehicles according to road speed limit (a known factor affecting killing rates on roads) and vehicle speed. We found that FID increased with speed limit, although vehicle speed had no effect. This suggests that birds adjust their flight distance to speed limit, which may reduce collision risks and decrease mortality maximizing the time allocated to foraging behaviours. Mobility and territory size are likely to affect an individuals' ability to respond adaptively to local speed limits.

Transit Travel Demand Analysis Method Based on APTS Multi-Source Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 2122-2126
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Xiao Hua Li ◽  
Lan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Demand Analysis ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Bus Stops

Traditional transit travel information is acquired by Trip Sample Survey which has some disadvantages including high cost and short data lifecycle. This paper researched transit travel demand analysis method using Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) data. The study collected APTS data of Nanning City in China and established APTS multi-source data analysis platform applying data warehouse technology. Based on key problems research, the paper presented the analysis procedure and content. Then, this study proposed the core algorithms of the method which are determinations of boarding bus stops, alighting bus stops and transfer bus stops of smart card passengers. Finally, these algorithms programs are experimented using large scale practical APTS data. The results show that this analysis method is low cost, operability and high accuracy.

Robust Pricing of Transportation Networks under Uncertain Demand

2008 ◽  
Vol 2085 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Gardner ◽  
Avinash Unnikrishnan ◽  
S. Travis Waller
Keyword(s):  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Uncertain Demand ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Elastic Demand ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Pricing Scheme

Traditionally, tolls on transportation networks are determined on the basis of a single value of travel demand, deterministic elastic demand relationships, or informal scenario analysis. However, since the demand on the network cannot be forecast perfectly, pricing may prove to be suboptimal when the realized value of demand deviates significantly from the planned value. Therefore, there is a need for a robust pricing scheme that accounts for demand uncertainty. Optimal pricing is examined through marginal costs in which origin-destination travel demand is a random variable to understand better the direct impact and sensitivity of the uncertainty. Three methods are evaluated for determining robust prices: inflation or deflation of the planning demand, averaging tolls from various planning demands, and genetic algorithms. The performance of these three methods is evaluated by analyzing user equilibrium for various future travel demand scenarios. From the results of the analysis, a more robust pricing scheme that accounts for variations in demand is developed.

scholarly journals THE EFFICIENCY OF VEHICLE MONITORING LOCATIONS FOR A VOLUNTARY TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonho Ko ◽  
Daejin Kim ◽  
Heung Gweon Sin ◽  
Seungjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Voluntary Participation ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Vehicle Monitoring ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The City

As many people are concerned about sustainable urban transportation systems, Travel Demand Management (TDM) is getting more attention as a viable option to reduce automobile dependency on an efficient way. Especially, voluntary participation-based TDM by offering incentives has been applied in many cities in recent years. The city of Seoul with 10 million population is offering incentives including an annual vehicle tax discount to increase the participation of Weekly No-driving Day (WND) program, a voluntary TDM program encouraging drivers to leave their cars home at least one weekday a week. The compliance of the program rule is monitored by Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems. In this study, to check the efficiency of the RFID monitoring system, the flow capturing location model is utilized to evaluate the adequateness of the RFID reader locations. Also, this paper proposes an optimal detection rate for the WND program based on economic evaluation results in consideration of costs and benefits of the program.

scholarly journals needs-gap analysis of street space allocation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lefebvre-Ropars ◽  
Catherine Morency ◽  
Paula Negron-Poblete
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Street Design ◽  
Space Allocation ◽  
Longitudinal Tracking ◽  
Street Space

Streets have long been designed to maximize motor vehicle throughput, ignoring other street users. Many cities are now reversing this trend and implementing policies to design more equitable streets. However, few existing tools and metrics enable widescale assessment, evaluation, and longitudinal tracking of these street space rebalancing efforts, i.e., assessing how equitable the current street design is, how it can be improved, and how much progress has been made. This paper develops a needs-gap methodology for assessing the discrepancy between transportation supply and demand in urban streets using existing datasets and automated methods. The share of street space allocated to different street users is measured in 11 boroughs of Montréal, Canada. Travel survey data is used to estimate the observed and potential travel demand in each borough in the AM peak period. A needs-gap analysis is then carried out. It is found that bus riders and cyclists face the greatest needs-gap across the study area, especially in central boroughs. The needs-gap also increases if only trips produced or attracted by a borough are considered. This shows the potential of applying an equity-based framework to the automated assessment of street space allocation in cities using large datasets.

scholarly journals Calibration of MATSim in the context of natural hazards in Belgium

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cools ◽  
Ismaïl Saadi ◽  
Ahmed Mustafa ◽  
Jacques Teller
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Traffic Pattern ◽  
Synthetic Population ◽  
River Floods

In Belgium, river floods are among the most frequent natural disasters and they may cause important changes on travel demand. In this regard, we propose to set up a large scale scenario using MATSim for guarantying an accurate assessment of the river floods impact on the transportation systems. In terms of inputs, agent-based models require a base year population. In this context, a synthetic population with a respective set of attributes is generated as a key input. Afterwards, agents are assigned activity chains through an activity-based generation process. Finally, the synthetic population and the transportation network are integrated into the dynamic traffic assignment simulator, i.e. MATSim. With respect to data, households travel surveys are the main inputs for synthesizing the populations. Besides, a steady-state inundation map is integrated within MATSim for simulating river floods. To our knowledge, very few studies have focused on how river floods affect transportation systems. In this regard, this research will undoubtedly provide new insights in term of methodology and traffic pattern analysis under disruptions, especially with regard to spatial scale effects. The results indicate that at the municipality level, it is possible to capture the effects of disruptions on travel behavior. In this context, further disaggregation is needed in future studies for identifying to what extent results are sensitive to disaggregation. In addition, results also suggest that the target sub-population exposed to flood risk should be isolated from the rest of the travel demand to reach have more sensitive effects.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4098

scholarly journals Speeding and Traffic-Related Injuries and Fatalities during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic: The Cases of Seattle and New York City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Liao ◽  
Michael Lowry
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Police Data ◽  
Traffic Volumes

Despite fewer cars on roads during the COVID-19 pandemic, deaths associated with motor vehicle collisions in New York City and Seattle remained largely unchanged in 2020. Using police data on weekly counts of collisions, we compared trends in 2020 with those of 2019, while controlling for the reduction of traffic volumes and seasonal weather conditions. Results of difference-in-differences estimation suggest that during the early months of the pandemic, or March-May, the incidence rates of severe or fatal injury crashes related to speeding increased by nearly 8 times in Seattle and more than 4 times in New York City. In the rest of 2020, they were still significantly higher than what would be expected in the absence of the pandemic. This research suggests that in similar situations that depress travel demand (e.g., another pandemic), policymakers should formulate plans to reduce speeding which may prevent an upswing in severe injuries and fatalities.

scholarly journals Driver Attitudes and Choices: Speed Limits, Seat Belt Use, and Drinking-and-Driving

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jun Kweon ◽  
Kara M. Kockelman
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Drinking And Driving ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Single Dataset

A better understanding of attitudes and behavioral principles underlying driving behavior and traffic safety issues can contribute to design and policy solutions, such as speed limits and seat belt legislation. This work examines the Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Surveys (MVOSS) dataset to illuminate drivers' seatbelt use, driving speed choices, drinking-and-driving tendencies, along with their attitudes towards speed limits and seat belt laws. Ordered probit, negative binomial, and linear regression models were used for the data analysis, and several interesting results emerged. The number and variety of results feasible with this single dataset are instructive as well as intriguing.

Koala mortality on roads in south-east Queensland: the koala speed-zone trial

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Dique ◽  
Jim Thompson ◽  
Harriet J. Preece ◽  
Guy C. Penfold ◽  
Deidré L. de Villiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
The Road ◽  
Queensland Department ◽  
Road Speed ◽  
Differential Speed ◽  
Healthy Males

In 1995, the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, the Queensland Department of Main Roads and Redland Shire Council initiated the Koala Speed Zone Trial in the Koala Coast, south-east Queensland. The aim of the trial was to assess the effect of differential speed signs on the number of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) hit by vehicles in the Koala Coast from 1995 to 1999. On the basis of information collected by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service 1407 koalas were hit by vehicles in the Koala Coast during the five-year study (mean 281 koalas per year, range 251–315). Monitoring of vehicle speeds by the Queensland Department of Main Roads suggested that there was no significant reduction in vehicle speed during the trial period from August to December. Consequently, there was no evidence to suggest that a reduction in the number of koalas hit by vehicles occurred during the trial. Approximately 70% of koalas were hit on arterial and sub-arterial roads and approximately 83% did not survive. The location of each koala hit was recorded and the signed speed limit of the road was noted. Most koalas that were hit by vehicles were young healthy males. Pooling of data on koala collisions and road speed limits suggested that the proportion of koalas that survived being hit by vehicles was slightly higher on roads with lower speed limits. However, vehicle speed was not the only factor that affected the number of koalas hit by vehicles. It is suggested that habitat destruction, koala density and traffic volume also contribute to road-associated koala mortality in the Koala Coast.

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