15. Justice and Home Affairs

This chapter examines the European Union’s justice and home affairs (JHA), which have evolved from a peripheral aspect into a focal point of European integration and today are at the centre of politicization in the EU. It first considers the institutionalization of JHA cooperation and its gradual move towards more supranational competences before discussing political contestation as expressed in the context of Brexit and the crisis of the common asylum and Schengen systems. The development of cooperation is retraced, looking at the main actors in the JHA, the organization and capacities of EU institutions, the continuity of intergovernmentalism, the proliferation of semi-autonomous agencies and databases, and the flow of policy, taking into account asylum policy and immigration policy, police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, and the challenge of implementation. The chapter shows how the gradual move of cooperation among national agencies concerned with combating crime; fighting terrorism; and managing borders, immigration, and asylum from loose intergovernmental cooperation to more supranational governance within the EU has remained contested, and argues that this contestation exemplifies the limits of political unification.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of nutritional counselling for tuberculosis patients amongst doctors practising in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Knowing the knowledge of resident doctors in a tertiary care teaching hospital along with their attitude regarding counselling the tuberculosis patients and their way of implementing their knowledge in their practices while treating the tuberculosis patients will not only lead to a healthy base for the core of the society but also keep the flow of knowledge regarding nutrition from doctors to tuberculosis patients and their relatives so as the peripheral aspect of the society too will get strengthen.Methods: A well-structured questionnaire was distributed among 147 resident doctors working in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Results: Overall it was found that there is slight and significant increase in the knowledge aspect among third year resident doctors. While in practices, first and second year resident doctors were contributing more than third year doctors.Conclusions: Overall all the resident doctors were knowing the importance of having adequate and balanced diet in the management of tuberculosis and also were aware about its role in prevention of tuberculosis.

The Reversed Halo Sign in COVID-19 Pneumonia

ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequency and time course of RHS on CT in patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.Materials and methodsA total of 147 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were divided into mild, moderate, severe and critical categories. The number, location, shape, wall appearance of RHS on CT were analyzed. Other parenchymal abnormalities include GGO, consolidation and linear opacity were also recorded.ResultsRHS was observed in 37 (25.2%) of 147 patients and it was more common in patients with moderate disease than severe or critical disease (31.3% vs. 13.0%, P = 0.019). Time from symptom onset to appearance of RHS was 9 ± 5 days in moderate patients and 14 ± 8 days in severe/critical patients. A total of 64 RHS lesions were identified and the majority of lesions were located in peripheral aspect of lungs (55, 85.9%) and lower lobes (52, 81.2%). All lesions with RHS were round or oval-shaped. The rim of RHS were smooth in 54 (84.4%) and irregular in 10 (15.6%). Follow-up CT scans of 27 patients (50 lesions) showed 43(86%) lesions gradually resolved or developed into GGO and linear opacities and 7(14%) lesions remained unchanged appearance.ConclusionsRHS occurred sooner after symptom onset and with higher frequency in patients with moderate compared to those with severe or critical disease. RHS may represent a favorable prognostic sign in COVID-19 pneumonia.Key Points• 37 (25.2%) of 147 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had RHS on at least one CT• RHS was more prevalent in patients with moderate disease than those with severe or critical disease• RHSs (78.4%) mostly occurred within 2 weeks after symptom onset

15. Justice and Home Affairs Institutional Change and Policy Continuity

This chapter examines the European Union’s justice and home affairs (JHA), which have evolved from a peripheral aspect into a focal point of European integration. It first considers the institutionalization of JHA cooperation, focusing on the Treaty of Lisbon which constitutes a milestone in the communitarization process, before discussing the main actors in the JHA. In particular, it looks at the organization and capacities of EU institutions, the continuity of intergovernmentalism, and the proliferation of semi-autonomous agencies and databases. It also explores the flow of policy, taking into account asylum policy and immigration policy, police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters, and the challenge of implementation. The chapter shows how cooperation among national agencies concerned with combating crime, fighting terrorism, and managing borders, immigration and asylum has gradually moved from loose intergovernmental cooperation to more supranational governance within the EU.

Using Qualitative Data Collection Procedures to Investigate Supported Education Issues

There is growing interest in the potential contributions of qualitative research to scholarly inquiry, and what was a quiet and perhaps peripheral aspect of educational research has been moving rapidly toward center stage in recent years. This article identifies two data collection procedures employed in qualitative research and discusses how these procedures can be used to investigate emerging issues in supported education.

The New Tongue

Rehabilitation of major resections of the tongue has always posed a serious problem. This paper presents the feasibility and rationale of rehabilitating partial glossectomies by the use of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and the fabrication of a “new tongue” by the use of this flap. The criteria for these techniques in benign and malignant tumors of the tongue are outlined. The segmental innervation of the pectoralis major muscle from a variety of three to five nerve branches permits the development of a skin-muscle flap that may be transposed with its nerve supply intact or totally denervated, depending upon the status of the hypoglossal nerves and tongue in the operative field. This presents the possibility of transposing a skin-muscle flap into a glossal wound with a completely intact nerve supply where the new flap is under constant instruction in its new physiologic environment. It also presents the possibility of neurotization of the denervated section of the muscle flap by axones from the intact segment of tongue. A third possibility is the fabrication of a “new tongue” by the transfer of the hypoglossal nerves into the denervated segment of the peripheral aspect of the myocutaneous flap. This variety and combination of rehabilitative techniques introduces a new phase into the rehabilitation of the tongue.