A Recent Overview of 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Hybrids as Novel Antifungal Agents: Focusing on Synthesis, Mechanism of Action, and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR)

A pharmacophore system has been found as 1,2,3-triazole, a five-membered heterocycle ring with nitrogen heteroatoms. These heterocyclic compounds can be produced using azide-alkyne cycloaddition processes catalyzed by ruthenium or copper. The bioactive compounds demonstrated antitubercular, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, and antidiabetic properties. This heterocycle molecule, in particular, with one or more 1,2,3-triazole cores has been found to have the most powerful antifungal effects. The goal of this review is to highlight recent developments in the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigation of this prospective fungicidal chemical. Also there have been explained drugs and mechanism of action of a triazole compound with antifungal activity. This review will be useful in a variety of fields, including medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, mycology, and pharmacology.

Quantum Chemical and Experimental Studies of an Unprecedented Reaction Pathway of Nucleophilic Substitution of 2-Bromomethyl-1,3-thiaselenole with 1,3-Benzothiazole-2-thiol Proceeding Stepwise at Three Different Centers of Seleniranium Intermediates

The results of quantum chemical and experimental studies of the reaction of 2-bromomethyl-1,3-thiaselenole with 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol made it possible to discover the unprecedented pathway of this reaction, which proceeds stepwise at three different centers of seleniranium intermediates. The first stage includes an attack of thiolate anion at the selenium atom of the seleniranium cation accompanied by ring opening with the formation of (Z)-2-[(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)selanyl]ethenyl vinyl sulfide, which is converted to six-membered heterocycle, 2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiaselenin-2-ylsulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole, in a 99% yield. The latter compound undergoes rearrangement with ring contraction producing five-membered heterocycle, 2-[(1,3-thiaselenol-2-ylmethyl)sulfanyl]-1,3-benzothiazole, in a 99% yield (the thermodynamic product). The formation of 1,2-bis[(Z)-2-(vinylsulfanyl)ethenyl] diselenide is the result of the disproportionation of (Z)-2-[(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)selanyl]ethenyl vinyl sulfide. Thus, based on the quantum chemical and experimental studies, a regioselective synthesis of the reaction products in high yields was developed.

Allylic alcohols and amines by carbenoid eliminative cross-coupling using epoxides or aziridines

α-Lithiated terminal epoxides and N-(tert-butylsulfonyl)aziridines undergo eliminative cross-coupling with α-lithio ethers, to give convergent access to allylic alcohols and allylic amines, respectively. The process can be considered as proceeding by selective strain-relieving attack (ring-opening) of the lithiated three-membered heterocycle by the lithio ether and then selective β-elimination of lithium alkoxide.

New Trends in Diaziridine Formation and Transformation (a Review)

This review focuses on diaziridine, a high strained three-membered heterocycle with two nitrogen atoms that plays an important role as one of the most important precursors of diazirine photoaffinity probes, as well as their formation and transformation. Recent research trends can be grouped into three categories, based on whether they have examined non-substituted, N-monosubstituted, or N,N-disubstituted diaziridines. The discussion expands on the conventional methods for recent applications, the current spread of studies, and the unconventional synthesis approaches arising over the last decade of publications.

Syntheses of Heterocycle-2,3-Fused Indoline and Azaindoline ­Derivatives

We describe a practical method for synthesizing heterocycle-2,3-fused indoline or azaindoline derivatives through haloetherification and cyclization. We applied this method in syntheses of six- to eight-membered heterocycle-2,3-fused indoline and azaindoline derivatives. These derivatives, which contain sp3-hybridized carbons, might be useful as new scaffolds in medicinal chemistry.

Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives based on propargyl ester of a saturated single-basic carbonic acid and para-azidobenzoic acid

The development of highly effective and low-toxicity nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is one of the important challenges facing modern pharmacology. To overcome this problem, many studies have been conducted on compounds containing a five-membered heterocycle containing three nitrogen atoms. The pharmacodynamics of these compounds are mainly due to their anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, it is important to synthesize new derivatives of 1,2,3-triazoles, to determine their structure and to look for substances with anti-inflammatory activity on their basis. For the first time, the corresponding derivatives of 4-(4-(exchangeable)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-1-yl)-benzoic acid were synthesized by cycloaddition of propargyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids and para-azidobenzoic acid in the presence of copper (I) iodide. The structure of the obtained substances was analyzed by IR, 1H NMR, and MS techniques. It is proved that under the action of the catalyst in the reaction, only 1,4-isomers are formed. Factors affecting the course of the reaction were identified. Only one isomer is formed in the reaction of cyclic addition under the action of a catalyst and the effect of temperature, duration of time, and nature of the solvent on the reaction yield was studied.