Superior lines candidates evaluation of two local red rice Southeast Sulawesi cultivars (Indonesia) derived from gamma rays irradiation techniques

The aim of this research was to describe the potency of superior cultivar upland rice candidates (gogo rice) first generation (M1) which generated from Pae Pulu Pongasi and Pae Loilo, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The grains were irradiated by 60 Co gamma-rays at 100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy doses. The developed cultivar was selected from numerous red and black rice with highest anthocyanins. Based on LD50 test to these cultivars, <em>Pae Pulu Pongas</em>i cultivar was founded at 416 Gy and <em>Pae Loilo</em> about 360 Gy. Ten superior lines candidates were selected, namely M1.27K2D1, M1.190K2D3 which are derived from M1 Pae Pulu Pongasi cultivar and M1.6K3D1, M1.24K3D1, M1.37K3D1, M1.102K3D1, M1.104K3D1, M1.162K3D1, M1.170K3D1 which derived from M1 <em>Pae Loilo</em> cultivars. M1.81K2D1 derived from M1 <em>Pae Pulu Pongasi</em> had the potential to produce higher yield, high lodging resistance, and short harvest age compared to parental.

Acute Toxicity Effect of The Ethanolic Extract of Watercress Herb (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) in Mice

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is an annual plant of the Brasicaceae family. Watercress has efficacy in the treatment of a hypo-allergenic, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, and treatment of tuberculosis.The purpose of this research was to determine the potential for acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of watercress. This study aims to observe the histopathology liver , kidney , heart mice and to determine the LD50. Test animals used were 40 male mice and 40 female mice were divided into 8 groups. Group 1 as the control group were given Na – CMC 0,5 % b/v and groups 2-8 were given ethanol extract of watercress herb with a doses of 0,5; 5; 50 ; 500 ; 1000 ; 2000; and 4000 mg/kg bw . LD50 test is determined by the number of deaths in the test group during the 14 days of treatment in the form of one administration of the test materials. Histopathological results at the highest doses showed necrosis and hydropic degeneration of the liver, serosis the kidneys, and the heart inflammation with myofibril irregular heart. LD50 test demonstrated the practical test material is not toxic because no test animals died.Keywords: acute toxicity, Nasturtium officinale R. Br., Ethanolic extract

Assessment of Cytotoxicity, Fetotoxicity, and Teratogenicity ofPlathymenia reticulataBenth Barks Aqueous Extract

Scientific assessment of harmful interactions of chemicals over the entire reproductive cycle are divided into three segments based on the period: from premating and mating to implantation (I), from implantation to major organogenesis (II), and late pregnancy and postnatal development (III). We combined the segments I and II to assessPlathymenia reticulataaqueous extract safety. In order to investigate reproductive toxicity (segment I), pregnant rats received orally 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg of extract, daily, during 18 days. These concentrations were determined by a preliminaryin vitroLD50 test in CHO-k1 cells. A control group received deionized water. The offspring was removed at the 19th day, by caesarean, and a teratology study (segment II) was carried out. The corpora lutea, implants, resorptions, live, and dead fetuses were then counted. Placenta and fetuses were weighted. External and visceral morphology were provided by the fixation of fetuses in Bouin, whereas skeletal analysis was carried out on the diaphanizated ones. The increase in the weights of placenta and fetuses was the only abnormality observed. Since there was no sign of alteration on reproduction parameters at our experimental conditions, we conclude thatP. reticulataaqueous extract is safe at 0.5 to 1.0 g/kg and is not considered teratogenic.

Biocompatibility Study of Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles

To explore the preparation method of self-prepared Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4magneticnanoparticles and were prepared employing a reduction co-precipitation method, transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)were used to characterize the product; The results indicated that the Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4magneticnanoparticles were prepared successfully. EDS showed each Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4magneticnanoparticles contained O, Mn, Zn and Fe elements. The result of heating test showed that Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4can serve as a heating source upon AMF exposure leading the magneticnanoparticles to reach its phase transition temperature (41-47.5°C).To evaluate the biocompatibility of Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4magnetic nanoparticles, which has the potential application in tumor hyperthermia.In the following study it will be used as drug and gene vector, so the compatibility of it should be examined. Then the use acute toxicity (by the mouse of LD50 test), micronucleus (MN) test and hemolysis test were presented to evaluate the toxicity of it in vivo . Its LD50 arrived at 7.1862 g/kg;Micronucleus test showed micronucleus rate of experiment groups had no significant difference compared with negative group. It has no hemolytic .