scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Effect of The Ethanolic Extract of Watercress Herb (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Herawaty Ginting ◽  
Aminah Dalimunthe ◽  
Julia Reveny
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Nasturtium Officinale ◽  
Histopathological Results ◽  
Ld50 Test

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is an annual plant of the Brasicaceae family. Watercress has efficacy in the treatment of a hypo-allergenic, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, and treatment of tuberculosis.The purpose of this research was to determine the potential for acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of watercress. This study aims to observe the histopathology liver , kidney , heart mice and to determine the LD50. Test animals used were 40 male mice and 40 female mice were divided into 8 groups. Group 1 as the control group were given Na – CMC 0,5 % b/v and groups 2-8 were given ethanol extract of watercress herb with a doses of  0,5; 5; 50 ; 500 ; 1000 ; 2000; and 4000 mg/kg bw . LD50 test is determined by the number of deaths in the test group during the 14 days of treatment in the form of one administration of the test materials. Histopathological results at the highest doses showed necrosis and hydropic degeneration of the liver, serosis the kidneys, and the heart inflammation with myofibril irregular heart. LD50 test demonstrated the practical test material is not toxic because no test animals died.Keywords: acute toxicity, Nasturtium officinale R. Br., Ethanolic extract

scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicity of Green Algae (Spyrogyra sp.) Ethanolic Extract on Hematologic Parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Nina Salamah ◽  
Wahyu Widyaningsih ◽  
Hari Susanti ◽  
Anggita Devi ◽  
Anita Wening Sejati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Hematology Parameters

<p>Green Algae, an organism with active substance such as phytomelatonin, has potential to be developed as Indonesian traditional medicine. As the long term addition of Green Algae ethanol extract (<em>Ekstrak etanol ganggang hijau</em>, EEGH) influences the hematology system, in this paper, the safety test was done to ensure the safety of its use through subchronic toxicity test of EEGH on the hematology parameters of Wistar rats. The test group consisted of three groups treated with EEGH 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, while the control group was given by 0.5% CMC-Na, with 8 rats each respectively. By using blood samples taken from orbital sinus on the 29<sup>th</sup> day, common hematologic parameters (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin level), the parameters of hemostasis (platelets, pT, aPTT, BT) and immune parameters (Differential Leukocytes Counts include neutrophils segment, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils) were finally observed and showed that the 28 days-addition of EEGH increase the hematological parameters of Wistar rats.</p>

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Study of Standardized Faloak Bark ( Sterculia quadrifida R. Br.) Extract on Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 656-661
Author(s):  
Suci Noviyanah ◽  
Triana Hertiani ◽  
Retno Murwanti ◽  
Siswadi ◽  
Erna Prawita Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Treatment Groups

The bark of Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br., Malvaceae) is used for traditional medicine in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the level of toxicity of the Faloak bark standardized ethanolic extract. The barks were collected from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. TLC profile was determined by TLC-densitometry, total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined in ethanolic extract from bark of faloak (S.quadrifida) by UV-V is method. The acute toxicity was performed according to the TD420 method by OECD (2001) on Wistar rats. The animals were grouped into control and treatment groups (2000 mg/kg body weight). All animals were evaluated for possible toxicity signs by measuring body weight, food and water consumption, and histopathological observation. The result of mean concentration of total phenolic content was found to be 17,69±2,01 (%GAE) and concentration of total flavonoid content was found to be 8,56 ± 0,02 (%NE). The results showed that no mortality occurs after 14 days of treatment. In general, no significant changes in animal behavior, body weight, food and water consumption compared to the control group. Histological observation found no sign of toxicity on vital organs. LD50 values obtained from the acute toxicity test results for Faloak ethanol extract (Sterculia quadrifida R. Bark) are higher than 2,000 mg/kg BW and categorized as having a low level of toxicity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Ethanol Extract of Pirdot Leaf (Saurauia vulcani Korth.) in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Nerly Juli Pranita Simanjuntak ◽  
Rosidah ◽  
Yuandani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin

Traditionally pirdot leaves are used to treat various diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine determine the potential for acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of pirdot leaf (Saurauia vulcani Korth.) with value LD50 and hematological Parameters in rats. The acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of pirdot leaf was evaluated by OECD guidelines. The number of animals used in this research were 15 female rats. The control group was given Na CMC 0.5%, the treatment groups were given ethanolic extract of pirdot leaves with doses 2000 and 5000 mg/kg bw. The results showed that ethanolic extract of pirdot leaves with doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg bw did not show any toxicity signs. There was no mortality was observe. The ethanolic extract of pirdot leaves did not cause any changes in hematological parameters, these include red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils levels as compared to normal control (P>0.05). It was estimated that LD50 of ethanolic extract of pirdot leaves was higher than 5000 mg/kg bw and the extract were practically non-toxic. The ethanolic extract of pirdot leaves did not cause any toxic effect on hematological parameters.

scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicity of Green Algae (Spyrogyra sp.) Ethanolic Extract on Hematologic Parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Nina Salamah ◽  
Wahyu Widyaningsih ◽  
Hari Susanti ◽  
Anggita Devi ◽  
Anita Wening Sejati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Hematology Parameters

<p>Green Algae, an organism with active substance such as phytomelatonin, has potential to be developed as Indonesian traditional medicine. As the long term addition of Green Algae ethanol extract (<em>Ekstrak etanol ganggang hijau</em>, EEGH) influences the hematology system, in this paper, the safety test was done to ensure the safety of its use through subchronic toxicity test of EEGH on the hematology parameters of Wistar rats. The test group consisted of three groups treated with EEGH 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, while the control group was given by 0.5% CMC-Na, with 8 rats each respectively. By using blood samples taken from orbital sinus on the 29<sup>th</sup> day, common hematologic parameters (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin level), the parameters of hemostasis (platelets, pT, aPTT, BT) and immune parameters (Differential Leukocytes Counts include neutrophils segment, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils) were finally observed and showed that the 28 days-addition of EEGH increase the hematological parameters of Wistar rats.</p>

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Assay from Seeds and Flesh of Tarap Fruit (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) Ethanolic Extract against Daphnia magna Larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Crissty Magglin ◽  
Ika Fikriah ◽  
Khemasili Kosala ◽  
Hadi Kuncoro
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Half Maximal Effective Concentration ◽  
The Tropics

Tarap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) is one of the plants in the tropics that are consumed by dayak tribe in East Kalimantan. Toxicity tests on seeds and bark have been done but there is no data regarding the acute toxicity of Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco seeds and flesh of fruit causing the need for acute toxicity tests. This Research to know the acute toxic effects of tarap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) seed and flesh extracts on larvae of Daphnia magna. Tarap seeds and flesh (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) was taken from dayak market in Samarinda, is East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The seeds and flesh of the tarap fruit are extracted by maceration with ethanol solvent. An acute toxicity test was performed by exposing Dapnia magna larvae aged ≤ 24 hours with a solution of the experimental group and the control group for 48 hours. Toxicity test results are expressed in percentage of immobilization of larvae of Daphnia magna calculated by probit test to obtain EC50 (Half maximal effective concentration) values. Extracts are toxic if the EC50 value > 1000ppm. EC50 Ethanol extract of tarap seeds obtained values ( 3922,301 ± 324,590 ) for EC50 24h and ( 2964,498 ± 412,498 ) for EC50 48h. The EC50 value of ethanol extract from flesh of tarap fruit is ( 12224.514 ± 2186. 899 ) EC50 24h and ( 6165,235 ± 1940,006 ) EC50 48h.Ethanol extract of tarap fruit and flesh is non toxic to larvae of Daphnia magna.

scholarly journals The Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanol Extract of Syzygium campanulatum (Korth) and Syzygium aromaticum (L) Leaf on Male Wistar Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) was Induced by Paracetamol

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Much Ilham Novalisa Aji Wibowo ◽  
Nur Aeni ◽  
Zidna Mazayatul Huda ◽  
Nunuk Aries Nurulita
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatoprotective Agent ◽  
Better Than

Syzygium campanulatum and Syzygium aromaticum contains antioxidant components suchas flavonoids, phenolic, and terpenoids. May have hepatoprotective properties in reducing SGPT and SGOT activity. This research wants to determine the potency of hepatoprotective of ethanolic extract of Syzygium campanulatum (Korth) and Syzygium aromaticum leaf compared with curcuma tablets. This research uses 24 male Wistar rats divided into 6 groups: I, II, III (as a normal, induction, and compared control), group IV, V, VI were treated 105, 210, and 420 mg/kg BW respectively. The study was conducted for 9 days. After 7 days of treatment, treated groups were exposed by hepatotoxic dose of paracetamol (2000 mg/kg BW). The SGPT and SGOT activity of all groups was measured by enzimatic assay. The result can be concluded that Syzygium campanulatum extract was found to be active as hepatoprotective agent with 210 mg/kg BW dosage (SGPT 21.76 ± 3.98 U/L and SGOT 7.32±6.74U/L) as eff ective as with the curcuma tablets (SGPT 23.91 ± 4.41 U/L and SGOT 14.12±5.37 U/L) and the hepatoprotective activity of Syzygium campanulatum extract at a dosage 420 mg/kg BW better than curcuma tablets (SGPT 12.43 ± 6.51 U/L and SGOT 6.64 ± 5.88 U/L). While the hepatoprotec Syzygium campanulatum and Syzygium aromaticum contains antioxidant components such as flavonoids, phenolic, and terpenoids.May have hepatoprotective properties in reducing SGPT and SGOT activity. This research wants to determine the potency of hepatoprotective of ethanolic extract of Syzygium campanulatum (Korth) and Syzygium aromaticum leaf compared with curcuma tablets. This research uses 24 male Wistar rats divided into 6 groups: I, II, III (as a normal, induction, and compared control), group IV, V, VI were treated 105, 210, and 420 mg/kg BW respectively. The study was conducted for 9 days. After 7 days of treatment, treated groups were exposed by hepatotoxic dose of paracetamol (2000 mg/kg BW). The SGPT and SGOT activity of all groups was measured by enzimatic assay. The result can be concluded that Syzygium campanulatum extract was found to be active as hepatoprotective agent with 210 mg/kg BW dosage (SGPT 21.76 ± 3.98 U/L and SGOT 7.32±6.74U/L) as eff ective as with the curcuma tablets (SGPT 23.91 ± 4.41 U/L and SGOT 14.12±5.37 U/L) and the hepatoprotective activity of Syzygium campanulatum extract at a dosage 420 mg/kg BW better than curcuma tablets (SGPT 12.43 ± 6.51 U/L and SGOT 6.64 ± 5.88 U/L). While the hepatoprotective activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts eff ective as with curcuma tablets at all dosage variation.

scholarly journals Larvicidal potential of Sapindus saponaria to control the cattle tick Boophilus microplus

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1243-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando de Freitas Fernandes ◽  
Edméia de Paula e Souza Freitas ◽  
Anna Carolina da Costa ◽  
Ionizete Garcia da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sapindus Saponaria

The objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal potential of a crude ethanol extract (CEE) of soapberry Sapindus saponaria stem peel on the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Tick larvae obtained by incubating engorged females, collected from naturally infested cattle, were placed in envelopes of filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of CEE in the test group, and distilled water in the control group. Four repetitions were made with each solution (n>120). Mortality was observed after 48 hours. Lethal concentration values of 1,258 ppm (LC50) and 6,360 ppm (LC99) were obtained.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Identification, Acute, and Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Studies of the Foliar Extract of Withania frutescens

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah EL Moussaoui ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Fatima Zahra Jawhari ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
Meryem Slighoua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Repeated Doses

Withania frutescens (W. frutescens) is a medicinal plant widely used to treat several diseases. This work aims to study phytochemical composition as well as acute and subacute toxicity of W. frutescens hydroethanolic extract in mice. The phytochemical composition of W. frutescens extract was performed using gas chromatographic analysis. Acute toxicity was studied in vivo with oral administration of single doses 400 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg for 14 days. Subacute toxicity was studied with the administration of repeated doses of 400 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Phytochemical analysis of W. frutescens hydro-ethanolic extract confirmed the presence of interesting chemical compounds. Acute toxicity results showed no toxic symptoms in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg. Alongside acute toxicity, subacute data showed no clinical symptoms nor biochemical or histological alteration in mice treated with an increasing dose up to a maximum of 2000 mg/kg compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study shows no toxic effects in animals treated with W. frutescens extract, and, therefore, this plant can be considered safe in animals up to 2000 mg/kg under both acute and subacute toxicity conditions.

scholarly journals Analgesic Activity of Ethanol Extract of Temu Giring Rhizome (Curcuma heyneana Val & Zijp) in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Marianne ◽  
Khairunnisa ◽  
Wilda
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Thermal Induction

Temu giring (Curcuma heyneana Val & Zijp) is a traditional medicinal plant that is believed in community as an analgesic. The objective of this research was to determine the analgesic activity of the C. heyneana rhizome by using infra red (IR) thermal induction method in mice. Mice were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 served as negative control, group 2,3,4,5 served as treatment groups which is  given ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome at  dose of 5, 25, 125, and 625 mg/kg respectively, group 6 and 7 served as  comparable groups, given antalgin 65 mg/kg and morphine sulphate 1.3 mg/kg respectively. The observation have been done, included to pain resistance of mice which exposed by infra red (IR) every 10 minutes for 80 minutes. The data were analyzed by ANOVA at the significance level of 95%. Ethanolic extract of C. heyneana at the doses of 25, 125, and 625 mg/kg had significant effect to reduce the pain compared to the negative control (p<0.05). Ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome at dose of 125 mg/kg, had the same effect to antalgin 65 mg/kg  (p≥0.05), while the ethanolic extract of C. heyneana at the dose of 625 mg/kg had the same effect as morphine sulfate 1.3 mg/kg (p≥0.05). It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome has analgesic activity.   Keywords: temu giring, analgesic, Curcuma heyneana, rhizome

scholarly journals The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Myrmecodia pendans on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

The purpose of the study was to investigate the nephroprotective effect of the Myrmecodia pendans extract on Wistar rats. The nephrotoxicity of the animals was induced through intra-peritoneal administration of 100mg/kg/day of gentamicin for ten days. The effect of M. pendans extract at a dose of 250mg/kg/day was concurrently monitored in some rats by assessing their serum creatinine levels, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the histopathological parameters. The mean of serum creatinine in control group was 1.17±0.18mg/dl and in nephrotoxic group it was 2.22±0.29 mg/dl, while in group given the extract were 1.38±0.19 and 1.27±0.15mg/dl, respectively. In that group also sequentially showed BUN levels of 24.27±2.6, 108.13±11.58, 30.70±4.23 and 27.28±2.84mg/dl, respectively. Nephrotoxicity was induced in the animals injected with gentamicin, which showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in creatinine and BUN compared with control group. The results also showed that the M. pendans ethanolic extracts significantly (P<0.05) prevented the increase in the levels of serum creatinine, BUN and reduced renal histopathological damage such as hydropic degeneration, vascular congestion and tubular necrosis. Therefore, the ethanolic extract of M. pendans exhibits a nephroprotective activity.

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