CAOSS and transcendence: Modeling role-dependent constituent meanings in compounds

Many theories on the role of semantics in morphological representation and processing focus on the interplay between the lexicalized meaning of the complex word on the one hand, and the individual constituent meanings on the other hand. However, the constituent meaning representations at play do not necessarily correspond to the free-word meanings of the constituents: Role-dependent constituent meanings can be subject to sometimes substantial semantic shift from their corresponding free-word meanings (such as -bill in hornbill and razorbill, or step- in stepmother and stepson). While this phenomenon is extremely difficult to operationalize using the standard psycholinguistic toolkit, we demonstrate how these as-constituent meanings can be represented in a quantitative manner using a data-driven computational model. After a qualitative exploration, we validate the model against a large database of human ratings of the meaning retention of constituents in compounds. With this model at hand, we then proceed to investigate the internal semantic structure of compounds, focussing on differences in semantic shift and semantic transparency between the two constituents.

The inflectional morphology representation of individual words in the mental lexicon

Models of complex word recognition can be separated into two wide groups: symbolic and connectionist. Symbolic models presume the existence of an explicit morphological representation of individual words; connectionist models do not and consider morphological effects to be a by-product of interaction between phonological, orthographic and semantic information. This study aimed to test whether there are explicit mental representations of inflected lexical units in the mental lexicon. Accordingly, the method of inflected suffix morphological and semantic priming of nouns in the Serbian language was used. In the morphological priming condition, the prime and the target shared the same inflectional suffix. In Experiment 1 overt priming was used, while in Experiment 2, masked priming. The results showed no significant effects of inflected suffix morphological priming, while significant semantic priming effects were recorded. The results obtained in this research are in line with predictions of the connectionist models.

Neurolinguistic Approaches in Morphology

Neurolinguistic approaches to morphology include the main theories of morphological representation and processing in the human mind, such as full-listing, full-parsing, and hybrid dual-route models, and how the experimental evidence that has been acquired to support these theories uses different neurolinguistic paradigms (visual and auditory priming, violation, long-lag priming, picture-word interference, etc.) and methods (electroencephalography [EEG]/event-related brain potential [ERP], functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI], neuropsychology, and so forth).

Neural Network Model for Semantic Analysis of Sanskrit Text

Semantic analysis is the process of extracting meaning of the sentence, from a given language. From the perspective of computer processing, challenge lies in making computer understand the meaning of the given sentence. Understandability depends upon the grammar, syntactic and semantic representation of the language and methods employed for extracting these parameters. Semantics interpretation methods of natural language varies from language to language, as grammatical structure and morphological representation of one language may be different from another. One ancient Indian language, Sanskrit, has its own unique way of embedding syntactic information within words of relevance in a sentence. Sanskrit grammar is defined in 4000 rules by PaninI reveals the mechanism of adding suffixes to words according to its use in sentence. Through this article, a method of extracting meaningful information through suffixes and classifying the word into a defined semantic category is presented. The application of NN-based classification has improved the processing of text.

Morphological Theory and Second Language Acquisition

Most of the world’s population speaks a second language. Most of the words in a language are multimorphemic. Thus, the study of second language acquisition and processing offers a key window onto the nature of morphological representation and morphological ability. This chapter examines the acquisition, representation, and processing of inflected, derived, and compound words in a second language. Perspectives on second language variability and accuracy are surveyed, as well as perspectives on the path of development of morphological knowledge in second language learners. The chapter highlights how linguistic theory and experimentation can be used to (a) advance the understanding of morphological representation and processing, and (b) probe what underlies morphological ability. Finally, this chapter addresses the question of how an integrated bilingual mental lexicon can both maximize interlingual connectivity and accommodate the morphological differences that exist between languages.

Semantic Effects in Morphological Priming: The Case of Hebrew Stems

To what extent is morphological representation in different languages dependent on semantic information? Unlike Indo-European languages, the Semitic mental lexicon has been argued to be purely “morphologically driven”, with complex stems represented in a decomposed format (root + vowel pattern) irrespectively of their semantic properties. We have examined this claim by comparing cross-modal root-priming effects elicited by Hebrew verbs of a productive, open-ended class (Piel) and verbs of a closed-class (Paal). Morphological priming effects were obtained for both verb types, but prime-target semantic relatedness interacted with class, and only modulated responses following Paal, but not Piel primes. We explain these results by postulating different types of morpho-lexical representation for the different classes: structured stems, in the case of Piel, and whole-stems (which lack internal morphological structure), in the case of Paal. We conclude that semantic effects in morphological priming are also obtained in Semitic languages, but they are crucially dependent on type of morpho-lexical representation.

Coda II

One could say that, at the same time and in the same movement, the portrait both recedes from itself and draws nearer to itself. It recedes to the point of abandoning any morphological representation in favor of a mimesis that can specifically become that of an indeterminate gesture of representation where miracles, fantasies, death masks, or ancient divinities can return (...

MODEL ARSITEKTUR POHON ARBORETUM UNIVERSITAS LANCANG KUNING SEBAGAI PENUNJANG PEMBELAJARAN

Arboretum is an example of forest which is a collection of trees which is a form of conservation of human-made germplasm. Arboretum with various vegetation containing scientific values ​​can be used as an open laboratory for student education and research facilities. The pattern of branching plants will form a form of plant architecture. The branching architecture is a morphological representation of a particular phase of a series of tree growth series, real and observable at all times. This research was conducted by conducting a survey (survey) and direct observation of the model of bamboo branching architecture in plants located in the research location. Identification of tree architecture model using book by F. Halle & R.A.A.Oldeman, namely: An Essay On The Architecture and Dynamics of Growth of Tropical Trees. Each tree is observed and photographed, as research documentation. Analysis conducted in this research is descriptive analysis to the type and shape of architectural architecture of Arboretum University of Lancang Kuning. Based on the results of research that has been done, can be drawn conclusion as follows: obtained 10 shapes / models of tree architecture of 41 species of trees (diamater ≥ 20 cm).

Neural Network Model for Semantic Analysis of Sanskrit Text

Semantic analysis is the process of extracting meaning of the sentence, from a given language. From the perspective of computer processing, challenge lies in making computer understand the meaning of the given sentence. Understandability depends upon the grammar, syntactic and semantic representation of the language and methods employed for extracting these parameters. Semantics interpretation methods of natural language varies from language to language, as grammatical structure and morphological representation of one language may be different from another. One ancient Indian language, Sanskrit, has its own unique way of embedding syntactic information within words of relevance in a sentence. Sanskrit grammar is defined in 4000 rules by PaninI reveals the mechanism of adding suffixes to words according to its use in sentence. Through this article, a method of extracting meaningful information through suffixes and classifying the word into a defined semantic category is presented. The application of NN-based classification has improved the processing of text.