Integrating voice and phenotype in a revision of the brush cuckoo Cacomantis variolosus (Aves: Cuculidae) complex

Brush cuckoos of the Cacomantis variolosus complex, which range from Southeast Asia to Australia and the Solomon Islands, have undergone much taxonomic upheaval. Here we examine 389 vocal recordings, 832 skins, and records of brood parasitism and habitat partitioning to shed light on their species and subspecies taxonomy. Bioacoustic analysis revealed seven distinct vocal groups. Among morphological markers, shape and proportions of the tail were found to be supporting indicators, in addition to plumage tone and pattern. Integration of the resulting data set distinguished six species-level taxa within the complex: sepulcralis in the Philippines and Sundaland east to central Nusa Tenggara, virescens in Sulawesi and the Sula Archipelago, aeruginosus in the Moluccas, variolosus in east Nusa Tenggara, the Moluccas, north and east Australia, New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago, blandus in the Admiralty Islands, and addendus in the Solomon Islands. Our review of infra-specific differentiation among species leads us to distinguish 13 subspecies. All taxa identified are listed in a summary classification of the complex. Taxon diversity is greatest in the Moluccas, where two habitat-partitioned species and five allopatric subspecies occur, of which one species and three subspecies are endemic to this region.

Verification of the Instantiation and Integration of Security Patterns

As software applications suffer from increasing malicious attacks, security becomes a critically important issue for software development. To avoid security problems and increase efficiency, a large software system design may reuse good security solutions for existing security patterns. While security patterns document expert solutions to common security problems and capture well-examined practices on secure software design, implementing them in a particular context (pattern instantiation) and composing them with other related patterns (pattern integration) are prone to flaws and may break expected security properties. In this paper, we present an approach to verify security patterns instantiation and integration automatically. We offer formal definitions for security pattern instantiation and integration, and establish rules to transform sequence diagrams (representing the behaviors of security patterns) to expressions in Milner’s Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS). We prove the correctness of the proposed transformation, and propose an algorithm to carry out this transformation automatically. In particular, we formally specify the alternative flows of UML sequence diagrams guarded by constraint conditions, which allows us to model choice making behaviors of security patterns precisely. The properties of the instantiation and integration can be verified by model checking against their CCS expressions. Flaws of instantiation and integration can, therefore, be discovered early in the design stage. We use two case studies to illustrate our approach and show the capability to prove security in integration and detect design errors in instantiation respectively.

Multiple Metamaterial Pattern Integration for Polarization Selective Photodetector Applications

ABSTRACTInterest in active metamaterial (MM) devices has recently increased due to their potential for tunable, switchable, and scalable optical responses. More specifically, a dynamic, on-chip MM polarizer has applications ranging from material characterization to sensing without the need for cumbersome external filters. This work demonstrates efforts to optimize MM devices for dynamic polarization filtering by combining elements from split-ring resonators, wire-pairs, and fishnet patterns. The polarization grid has been designed to operate under an applied voltage with simulated on/off ratios of 75% and dynamic polarization selectivity of 70%. Samples have been fabricated using epitaxial GaAs on sapphire with various n-type doping concentrations to approximate electrical tuning.

C-SCRIP

Collaboration is the act of working together, towards a common goal. Collaboration is essential to the success of construction project. In software engineering projects, understanding and supporting collaboration gives the broad impact on product quality. There appears that it is difficult to effectively interact and achieve a common project goals within the bounds of cost, quality and time. The purpose of the paper is to propose a collaborative engineering process, called Collaborative SeCurity patteRn Integration Process (C-SCRIP), and a tool that supports the full life-cycle of the development of a secure system from modeling to code.