Analisis Kinerja Jalan Tengkuruk Permai dengan Mikrosimulasi Pemindahan Terminal dan Parkir Badan Jalan

Tengkuruk Permai street is currently used for city transportation terminals, on street parking, access and exit to 16 Ilir market parking lot (off street parking), entrance to Ampera Bridge, passenger access to LRT stations and Skate Park. The various functions of this street caused the reduction in street service levels at certain hours and become a congestion point in Palembang city. This study aims to obtain the results of the analysis of Tengkuruk Permai’s street performance in the scenario conditions of terminal relocation and on street parking. The data were collected directly by measuring and enumeration then micro-simulated with the Vissim software. Vissim microsimulation modeling is carried out in existing conditions and scenarios by combining the 3 (three) floors parking building construction plans, city transport routes, Tengkuruk Permai street which has been cleared of on street parking and terminals, street networks around the research location and intersection arrangements concurrently. The street performance analysis uses the calculation of the V/C ratio, where the calculation of the street capacity uses the Vissim microsimulation output such as speed, density and volume obtained in the link of segment evaluation menu. Capacity determination is using the calculation of relation of flow (q), velocity (v) and density (k). The scenario of relocating the city transport terminal and street parking to the 3 (three) floors parking building plan at 16 Ilir market parking lot can increase the capacity of Tengkuruk Permai Street from 1087,88 pcu/hour/direction to 2295.15 pcu/hour/direction and improve the service level from level E to level A.

Optimizing Tobacco Advertising Bans in Seven Latin American Countries: Microsimulation Modeling of Health and Financial Impact to Inform Evidence-Based Policy

Introduction: In Latin America, tobacco smoking prevalence is between 6.4% and 35.2%. Governments have been making efforts to support the regulation of advertising and, in many cases, banning advertising and promotion of tobacco altogether. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impact on health and economic outcomes of optimizing a ban on tobacco advertising and sponsorship in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Methods: We built a probabilistic microsimulation model, considering natural history, direct health system costs, and quality of life impairment associated with main tobacco-related diseases. We followed individuals in hypothetical cohorts and calculated health outcomes on an annual basis to obtain aggregated 10-year population health outcomes (deaths, events, healthy years of life) and costs. To populate the model, we performed a rapid review of literature to calculate intervention effectiveness. Results: With current policies, over 10 years, in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia a total of 50,000 deaths and 364,000 disease events will be averted, saving $7.2 billion. If the seven countries strengthened their policies and implemented a comprehensive ban with 100% compliance, 98,000 deaths and 648,000 events would be averted over 10 years, saving almost $15 billion in healthcare costs. Conclusions: Optimizing a ban on tobacco advertising and sponsorship would substantially reduce deaths, diseases, and health care costs attributed to smoking. Latin American countries should not delay the full implementation of this strategy.

Tax reforms and income inequality in former Yugoslav countries: Escaping the avant-garde neoliberalism in the income tax policy

After the breakup of former Yugoslavia Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia followed different income tax reform trajectories that could explain currently different levels of income inequality in these countries. Our paper analyzes redistributive effects of introducing progressive tax systems, like the ones currently implemented in Slovenia and Croatia, in the Serbian context. Using microsimulation modeling and Survey on Income and Living Conditions data for 2017 our results suggest that implementation of both Croatian and Slovenian tax system would yield lower levels of income inequality and poverty if applied in Serbia. Slovenian system achieves larger decrease in inequality due to higher tax burden on the top incomes and brings significant increase in tax revenues. Croatian tax schedule achieves stronger decrease in poverty as more generous personal allowance exempt higher portions of low incomes from labour taxes.