scholarly journals Optimizing Tobacco Advertising Bans in Seven Latin American Countries: Microsimulation Modeling of Health and Financial Impact to Inform Evidence-Based Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5078
Author(s):  
Ariel Bardach ◽  
Andrea Alcaraz ◽  
Javier Roberti ◽  
Agustín Ciapponi ◽  
Federico Augustovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Tobacco Advertising ◽  
Microsimulation Modeling ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Advertising And Promotion

Introduction: In Latin America, tobacco smoking prevalence is between 6.4% and 35.2%. Governments have been making efforts to support the regulation of advertising and, in many cases, banning advertising and promotion of tobacco altogether. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impact on health and economic outcomes of optimizing a ban on tobacco advertising and sponsorship in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. Methods: We built a probabilistic microsimulation model, considering natural history, direct health system costs, and quality of life impairment associated with main tobacco-related diseases. We followed individuals in hypothetical cohorts and calculated health outcomes on an annual basis to obtain aggregated 10-year population health outcomes (deaths, events, healthy years of life) and costs. To populate the model, we performed a rapid review of literature to calculate intervention effectiveness. Results: With current policies, over 10 years, in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia a total of 50,000 deaths and 364,000 disease events will be averted, saving $7.2 billion. If the seven countries strengthened their policies and implemented a comprehensive ban with 100% compliance, 98,000 deaths and 648,000 events would be averted over 10 years, saving almost $15 billion in healthcare costs. Conclusions: Optimizing a ban on tobacco advertising and sponsorship would substantially reduce deaths, diseases, and health care costs attributed to smoking. Latin American countries should not delay the full implementation of this strategy.

AB0306 Employment and Quality of Life Among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Four Latin-American Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 996.1-996
Author(s):  
R.M. Xavier ◽  
J. Morales-Torres ◽  
D.C.R. Ramos-Remus ◽  
P. Chalem ◽  
J.F. Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Countries

scholarly journals Integration of Functional and Traditional Food in Emerging Markets: Regulatory and Substantive Aspects of Yerba Mate and Quinoa

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Claudia Elena Gafare ◽  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giulia Lorenzoni ◽  
Dario Gregori
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Latin American Countries

Given the rising cost of healthcare, the increase in life expectancy and the wish for a better quality of life, the request for foods and beverages producing a beneficial effect on health has increased worldwide. “Functional food” is a new concept and may play a key role in diseases’ prevention and management. Although its meaning is currently under definition, its role in global health improvement is growing constantly. This article aims at giving a description of existing legislation on functional food in South America, identifying future directions for health and marketing policies. Furthermore, authors provide a literature revision on two products widely consumed in Latin American countries: Yerba Mate and Quinoa. Thanks to their beneficial health effects in terms of disease prevention and promotion of well-being, they may be considered as functional foods with a potential key role in health care.

scholarly journals Virology research in a Latin American developing country: a bibliometric analysis of virology in Colombia (2000–2013)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1226-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Ruiz-Saenz ◽  
Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Scimago Journal Rank

Introduction: Bibliometric analysis demonstrates that the virology research in Latin America has increased. For this reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate Colombian publications on viruses and viral diseases in indexed journals during the period from 2000 to 2013. Methodology: The bibliographic data were collected from MedLine, SciELO, LILACS and Scopus databases. The database was constructed in Excel descriptive statistics. The SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) was evaluated using the SCImago Journal & Country Rank in 2013 and was used as an indicator of the quality of the journals used by the Colombian researchers. Results: The total number of papers published was 711, of which 40.4% were published in local journals, and 59.6% were published in foreign journals. Most (89.2%) were original papers. Moreover, 34.2% of the papers were published in collaboration with international researchers, with the United States being the most represented. Of the journals used, 85.6% had an SJR, and 14.4% did not. The median SJR of the papers was 0.789, and the median of the papers with international collaborators was higher compared to the SJR of the papers without international collaboration. Papers were most frequently published in journals whose categories were medicine (miscellaneous), virology, and infectious diseases. The viruses that appeared in the papers more frequently were HIV, dengue, and papillomavirus. Conclusions: This study provides data for use in research, health planning, and policy analysis as it relates to virology in Colombia and other developing Latin American countries.

scholarly journals Smart Regulation in times of COVID 19: An introspective preliminary analysis for its application in Ecuador

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-164
Author(s):  
Jennifer Vanessa Zaldumbide Vaca ◽  
Angie Nathaly Santacruz Mediavilla ◽  
Pamela Fernanda Heredia Pazmiño
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Smart Regulation ◽  
The Government ◽  
First World ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Fundamental Entity

Better regulation is a public policy that governments implement to improve the quality of life of their citizens. These policies bring significant benefits to all market players, among the most palpable are innovation, administrative simplification, a clear commitment by the government, and competitiveness. A fundamental entity for the development of this type of regulation is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), whose main objective is to create policies that improve the quality of life of citizens around the world. Among the members of this organization are first world countries such as the United States and Spain, as well as third world Latin American countries such as Mexico and Colombia, whose government administration serves as a model for the Ecuadorian people. It is because, without considering that their economies are not as large, developed, and stable, they have managed with the commitment, perseverance, and responsibility to be supported by this international institution. Nowadays, the problem of over and deregulation that has remained in Ecuador. Since the beginning of its history, it serves as an axis of study to propose the implementation of regulatory improvement within its political system. In order do this, it must be considering the principles of governance, proper preparation for its application, and the professionalism of all market players.

scholarly journals Overview of Ageing, Urbanization, and Nutrition in Developing Countries and the Development of the Reconnaissance Project

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corazon V. C. Barba ◽  
Lucila B. Rabuco
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Transitional Countries ◽  
Latin American Countries

Two of the major demographic trends in the developing and transitional countries are urbanization (the growth of cities and metropolitan populations) and ageing (the increase in the number of persons over 70 years of age, due to extended life expectancy). These two trends are felt to present unresolved challenges regarding health, well-being, and quality of life. These uncertainties gave rise to the multicentre Reconnaissance project carried out in five Asian countries (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand) and three Latin American countries (Brazil, Guatemala, and Mexico), in collaboration with institutions in the Netherlands, Germany, and Italy, with financial support from the European Community. The findings, experience, and lessons from the preliminary qualitative (community), and quantitative (individual) surveys were shared among the investigators at a conference held at Wageningen, Netherlands.

scholarly journals Smoke-Free Air Interventions in Seven Latin American Countries: Health and Financial Impact to Inform Evidence-Based Policy Implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2149-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Bardach ◽  
María Belén Rodríguez ◽  
Agustín Ciapponi ◽  
Federico Augustovski ◽  
Alcaraz Andrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Free Air ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Introduction Disease burden due to tobacco smoking in Latin America remains very high. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of implementing smoke-free air interventions on health and cost outcomes in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, using a mathematical model. Aims and Methods We built a probabilistic Monte Carlo microsimulation model, considering natural history, direct health system costs, and quality of life impairment associated with main tobacco-related diseases. We followed individuals in hypothetical cohorts and calculated health outcomes on an annual basis to obtain aggregated 10-year population health outcomes (deaths and events) and costs. To populate the model, we completed an overview and systematic review of the literature. Also, we calibrated the model comparing the predicted disease-specific mortality rates with those coming from local national statistics. Results With current policies, for the next 10 years, a total of 137 121 deaths and 917 210 events could be averted, adding 3.84 million years of healthy life and saving USD 9.2 billion in these seven countries. If countries fully implemented smoke-free air strategies, it would be possible to avert nearly 180 000 premature deaths and 1.2 million events, adding 5 million healthy years of life and saving USD 13.1 billion in direct healthcare. Conclusions Implementing the smoke-free air strategy would substantially reduce deaths, diseases, and health care costs attributed to smoking. Latin American countries should not delay the full implementation of this strategy. Implications Tobacco smoking is the single most preventable and premature mortality cause in the world. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, supported by the World Health Organization, introduced a package of evidence-based measures for tobacco control. This study adds quality evidence on the potential health effects and savings of implementing smoke-free air policies in countries representing almost 80% of the Latin America and the Caribbean population.

Why is Trade Reform So Popular in Latin America?: A Consumption-Based Theory of Trade Policy Preferences

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Baker
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Trade Reform ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Trade Preferences ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Latin American Countries

Despite wavy national economies and a perception among observers that economic globalization is growing increasingly unpopular, aggregate support for free trade remains quite high across Latin America. This finding is robust to the wording of survey questions and has been quite resilient through time, even in the face of economic stagnation. Current theories of trade preferences, including the widely applied Heckscher-Ohlin model, do not explain this trend. Instead, the author proposes a theory of trade preferences based not on what citizens produce but on what they consume. Statistical analyses of different surveys, including one conducted in fourteen Latin American countries, demonstrate that a consumption-based approach best accounts for trade preferences across individuals and countries. Moreover, the theory provides an explanation for the overall popularity of free trade in Latin America: citizens recognize and appreciate the lower price, increased variety, and higher quality of goods that have come in the wake of trade liberalization.

scholarly journals CCHD Screening Implementation Efforts in Latin American Countries by the Ibero American Society of Neonatology (SIBEN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Sola ◽  
Susana Rodríguez ◽  
Alejandro Young ◽  
Lourdes Lemus Varela ◽  
Ramón Mir Villamayor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Neonatal Nurses ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
American Society ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Pulse Oximetry Screening

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is among the four most common causes of infant mortality in Latin America. Pulse oximetry screening (POS) is useful for early diagnosis and improved outcomes of critical CHD. Here, we describe POS implementation efforts in Latin American countries guided and/or coordinated by the Ibero American Society of Neonatology (SIBEN), as well as the unique challenges that are faced for universal implementation. SIBEN collaborates to improve the neonatal quality of care and outcomes. A few years ago, a Clinical Consensus on POS was finalized. Since then, we have participated in 12 Latin American countries to educate neonatal nurses and neonatologists on POS and to help with its implementation. The findings reveal that despite wide disparities in care that exist between and within countries, and the difficulties and challenges in implementing POS, significant progress has been made. We conclude that universal POS is not easy to implement in Latin America but, when executed, has not only been of significant value for babies with CHD, but also for many with other hypoxemic conditions. The successful and universal implementation of POS in the future is essential for reducing the mortality associated with CHD and other hypoxemic conditions and will ultimately lead to the survival of many more Latin American babies. POS saves newborns’ lives in Latin America.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: a case report in Mexico

Salud Mental ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando García-Frade Ruiz ◽  
◽  
Rodrigo Marín-Navarrete ◽  
Emmanuel Solís Ayala ◽  
Ana de la Fuente-Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Cannabis Abuse ◽  
First Case ◽  
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome ◽  
Hot Baths ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Latin American Countries

Background. The first case report on the Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) was registered in 2004. Years later, other research groups complemented the description of CHS, adding that it was associated with such behaviors as chronic cannabis abuse, acute episodes of nausea, intractable vomiting, abdominal pain and compulsive hot baths, which ceased when cannabis use was stopped. Objective. To provide a brief review of CHS and report the first documented case of CHS in Mexico. Method. Through a systematic search in PUBMED from 2004 to 2016, a brief review of CHS was integrated. For the second objective, CARE clinical case reporting guidelines were used to register and manage a patient with CHS at a high specialty general hospital. Results. Until December 2016, a total of 89 cases had been reported worldwide, although none from Latin American countries. Discussion and conclusions. Despite the cases reported in the scientific literature, experts have yet to achieve a comprehensive consensus on CHS etiology, diagnosis and treatment. The lack of a comprehensive, standardized CHS algorithm increases the likelihood of malpractice, in addition to contributing to the patient’s biopsychosocial deterioration and raising care costs.

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