Incentives for Green and Low-Carbon Technological Innovation of Enterprises Under Environmental Regulation: From the Perspective of Evolutionary Game

Encouraging enterprises to adopt green and low-carbon technological innovation is an important measure to cope with climate change and achieve low-carbon economic development. As the main stakeholders of green and low-carbon technological innovation of enterprises, what measures should the government and the public take to encourage green and low-carbon technological innovation of enterprises has become one of the focuses of research. This study constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model among the government, the public, and enterprises and then obtains the evolutionary stability strategy by analyzing the replication dynamic equation of each subject. Numerical simulation is made on the evolution path of the game under different enforcement intensities of environmental regulation means. The result shows that pollution tax, low-carbon technology innovation subsidy, and environmental protection publicity and guidance are three environmental regulation means to effectively stimulate enterprises’ green and low-carbon technology innovation. And moderate pollution tax, low-intensity publicity of public environmental protection, and high innovation incentive compensation have the highest incentive efficiency for enterprises’ green and low-carbon technological innovation. Targeted suggestions for promoting green and low-carbon technological innovation of enterprises are put forward in the end.

R&D SPILLOVER, FIRM SIZE AND IN-HOUSE R&D: PANEL DATA EVIDENCE FROM ELECTRONICS GOODS SECTOR IN INDIA

This study examines the impact of R&D spillover and firm size on the R&D intensity of electronic firms operating in India for the time period 2000–2015. The study finds that firms benefitting from R&D spillover in their line of business are spending more on in-house R&D, indicating complementarity between R&D spillover and R&D efforts. When we consider possible R&D spillover with firm size, the positive association between R&D spillover and in-house R&D activity holds after a certain threshold of firm size is reached. A probable implication for the moderating influence of firm size suggests that large-sized firms have financial resources and the capability to assimilate technological knowledge in their product designs and processes. An inverted-U relationship between firm size and R&D suggests that support and assistance with the cost of research and development can spur the innovation incentive of small- and medium-sized firms. The empirical finding indicates that fringe firms in the electronics sector aim at developing new technology. The import of intermediate inputs appears to be negatively associated with in-house R&D. This suggests substitutability between imported intermediaries and R&D activity. In the case of R&D reporting firms, the coefficient of embodied technology and capital intensity turns out to be positive and significant. As it remains, an increase in the import of capital goods promotes in-house R&D of electronic firms. At the same time undertaking R&D activity in a high-tech sector is capital intensive. Hence, firms require capital reserves to engage in innovative activities and remain competitive.

The Impact of European Funds in View of Company Value Creation

Over the last few years, business management has become quite complex, leading to constant risks in the business context resulting from economies' globalization, not only by the frequent change in the organizations' proprietary structure, but also due to technological innovation and competitiveness in the global market. The sum of all the factors referred to above and the actual pandemic situation has substantially increased the level of risk in current or strategic management decisions taken within the scope of the organizations' activity. Thus, the aim of this research is to study the impact of EU funds on Portuguese companies by analyzing companies that have benefited from European incentives under the innovation incentive system, since it covers financing investments of global and strategic nature in productive areas. In this sense, the sample includes the companies that had projects approved in 2014 and aims to verify the impact of these incentives on the capacity of value creation, as well as on job creation and internationalization level in years of 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018.

Effects of the use of fiscal policy of incentive to innovation in performance of brazilian companies

The literature has some empirical evidence of the effects of fiscal incentives to increase private investment in innovation. Thus, this study aims to analyze the effects of the use of fiscal policy of incentive to innovation in performance of Brazilian companies listed on the Brasil Bolsa Balcão (B3). The research population comprised 494 companies and the sample was different for each performance variable, alternating between 221 and 251 companies. The accounting and market values of the period from 2006 to 2014 were used as performance parameters of the companies, and the use of fiscal policy of incentive to innovation was operationalized with a dummy variable. The data were analyzed by means of logistic regression. The results related to the accounting indicators show that the ROA, ROCE and ROE are positively and significantly related to the Innovation Incentive Tax Policy. While these measures may encourage companies to increase investments in Research, Development & Innovation (RD&I), they create distortions between companies and sectors because of the effects of these unsubsidized measures. As for the results related to market indicators no significant relationships were found. These results show that government actions and the posture of companies to make their RD&I practices less costly are still not captured by the market. It is concluded that the use of fiscal policy of incentive to innovation is reflected in the performance of the companies surveyed in the analyzed period, which is partly explained by the fact that they are allowed to deduct investments in RD&I in the tax base.

An Input-output Analysis of China’s Innovative Resources based on Knowledge Production Function

Under the background of the gradual disappearance of China’s population dividend and the increasing restriction of resources and environment, economic development urgently needs to change from “factor driven” to “innovation driven”. Research on the impact of innovation resources on economic growth is the key to the implementation of innovation driven strategy. According to the knowledge production function, innovation resources are divided into innovation material resources, innovation knowledge resources and innovation human resources. On this basis, the correlation and weight between the input and output of all kinds of innovation resources are investigated to explore the ideas and development direction of optimizing the allocation of innovation resources in China, and to provide practical basis for the formulation of relevant innovation incentive system.