THE EVALUATION OF COMPETITIVENESS ON COST ADVANTAGE OF REGIONAL HUB PORT: THE CASE STUDY OF TRANS-PACIFIC ROUTE AGAINST KAOHSIUNG PORT

Numerous conventional container ports in East Asia are evolving from intercontinental into regional hub ports. This study adopted the Port of Kaohsiung as an example of competition with neighboring ports. The results of this study demonstrated that the Port of Kaohsiung is still a competitive docking port on trans-Pacific trunk routes for North America, despite facing external threats (e.g., upsizing of ships, lack of new deep-water terminals, and new strategic alliances affecting terminal operations), overall shipping cost considerations (e.g., container volume, different ship sizes, and port selection), and increasingly intense competition with neighboring ports. Under such circumstances, the Port of Kaohsiung must keep pace with container ship upsizing, sufficiently increase deep-water terminal capacity, and improve its existing container terminals’ operating efficiency to attract route deployment and larger container ships and thereby maintain its current advantages and position as a regional hub port.

Airfares Data in New Zealand Domestic Aviation Market

Price competition has been a growing concern of worldwide researchers and managers. In the aviation market, especially with the help from e-commerce platforms such as Expedia, TripAdvisor, and SkyScanner, airfares are now available to customers in the easiest and quickest way. It thus allows airlines to match their fares immediately and simultaneously upon any changes of their rivals, given that customer’ choices are made with regard to their incomes. This study provides a dataset on domestic airfares in New Zealand that could be useful for future studies in the fields of marketing, business and economics, transportation and aviation, or management. The dataset covers 12 trunk routes and 40 secondary routes in New Zealand from 19 September 2019 to 18 December 2019, a total of 90 days. It provides a rich dataset of more than 162,000 observations regarding the airfare, departure time, arrival time, flight duration, airline, departure airport, arrival airport, transiting airport, and so on. There are possibilities to extend the dataset (e.g., in terms of flying distance, airport characteristics, and airline characteristics) to make it be valuable for future study.

myBas driving cycle for Kuala Terengganu city

Driving cycles are series of data points that represent vehicle speed versus time sequenced profile developed for specific road, route, city or certain location. It is widely utilized in the application of vehicle manufacturers, environmentalists and traffic engineers. Since the vehicles are one of the higher air pollution sources, driving cycle is needed to evaluate the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. The main objectives in this study are to develop and characterize the driving cycle for myBAS in Kuala Terengganu city using established k-means clustering method and to analyse the fuel consumption and emissions using advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR). Operation of myBAS offers 7 trunk routes and one feeder route. The research covered on two operation routes of myBAS which is Kuala Terengganu city-feeder and from Kuala Terengganu to Jeti Merang where the speed-time data is collected using on-board measurement method. In general, driving cycle is made up of a few micro-trips, defined as the trip made between two idling periods. These micro-trips cluster by using the k-means clustering method and matrix laboratory software (MATLAB) is used in developing myBAS driving cycle. Typically, developing the driving cycle based on the real-world in resulting improved the fuel economy and emissions of myBAS.

Development and evaluation of analytical forecasting methods for vehicle occupancy, in the trunk routes of Moscow

Passenger transport plays an important role in large cities around the world. According with this, the administration of these cities pays much attention to urban transport, specifically, in the formalization and establishment of standard criteria for the quality of transportation. The main criteria are the “Regularity of transportation” and “Vehicle occupancy”. Having standards is the first step to improve the quality of the transport service, the next step is the execution and application of these standards. In this article, the issue of improving the quality of passenger transport services is considered based on the forecast and control of the vehicle occupancy and the management of the transportation process based on the results of the forecast. The necessary condition for the implementation of these tasks is the use of telematic means as the Automated Passenger Counting System for monitoring passenger flow at bus stops. This information is the source data. In the article, we show the results of the study of the trunk routes of urban transport in Moscow. It is shown that the situation regarding passenger dynamics differs every time for each route, which requires different analytical methods for forecasting and control of vehicle occupancy for each case. Various methods for predicting vehicle occupancy were developed, and it is shown that the effectiveness of these forecasting methods depends directly on the characteristics of passenger flow. The control of the flow of passengers based on the established standards will avoid overloading the buses that circulate on the main roads of large cities, thus improving the quality of the transport service on the route.

The Evaluation of Competitiveness on Cost Advantage of Regional Hub Port: The Case Study of Trans-Pacific Route Against Kaohsiung Port

Numerous conventional container ports in East Asia are evolving from intercontinental into regional hub ports. This study adopted the Port of Kaohsiung as an example of competition with neighboring ports. The results of this study demonstrated that the Port of Kaohsiung is still a competitive docking port on trans-Pacific trunk routes for North America, despite facing external threats (e.g., upsizing of ships, lack of new deep-water terminals, and new strategic alliances affecting terminal operations), overall shipping cost considerations (e.g., container volume, different ship sizes, and port selection), and increasingly intense competition with neighboring ports. Under such circumstances, the Port of Kaohsiung must keep pace with container ship upsizing, sufficiently increase deep-water terminal capacity, and improve its existing container terminals’ operating efficiency to attract route deployment and larger container ships and thereby maintain its current advantages and position as a regional hub port.

DO REGIONAL AIRLINES IN EASTERN EUROPE HAVE THE RIGHT TO SURVIVE IN THE EUROPEAN SINGLE SKY ENVIRONMENT?

The European aviation market can be characterised by extreme growth and turbulence ever since the markets were deregulated and low cost carriers emerged on the continent. Initially the biggest toll was paid by main legacy carriers when low costs emerged on trunk routes, which lead to the bankruptcy of Sabena, Swiss airlines and Spanair. However, once big legacy carriers started merging and creating more alliances, sustainability was once again reached. Despite this, as low cost carriers entered the Eastern-European market and looked to stimulate even smaller regional routes, smaller carriers started to suffer. This article is assessing the status quo of the current European regional aviation, highlighting the recent trends and ultimately coming to a conclusion that regional airlines can be sustainable provided that certain key criteria have been met.

The impact of trunk route deployment changes on pollutant emissions in international container shipping after Panama Canal expansion

Purpose – The expansion of the Panama Canal that is completed in 2016 provides container carriers with new opportunities to redeploy global oceangoing trunk routes. The purpose of this paper is to examine the cargo sources and geographical locations of three trunk routes, the departure points of which are all in East Asia. Design/methodology/approach – The operating conditions of various shipping practices were used to simulate trunk route deployment after canal expansion. Subsequently, a clean-line strategy featuring liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a replacement for heavy oil is proposed to explore the effects that container carriers have on energy savings and emission reductions. Findings – The results showed that the unit emissions of ships traveling trunk routes in East Coast North America and East Coast South America did not differ significantly regardless of whether the container carrier employed a conventional method or the new deployment plan following the expansion of the Panama Canal. By contrast, the adoption of a new method for sailing through the canal yields significant emission reductions for Far East/Europe routes. In addition, the slow-steam strategy adopted by carriers and the more costly clean-line strategy of LNG-fueled ships are both effective when applied to trunk routes. Originality/value – The results of this study provide a reference to container carriers deploying route structures and the International Maritime Organization when promoting emission-reduction policies.