THE EVALUATION OF COMPETITIVENESS ON COST ADVANTAGE OF REGIONAL HUB PORT: THE CASE STUDY OF TRANS-PACIFIC ROUTE AGAINST KAOHSIUNG PORT

Numerous conventional container ports in East Asia are evolving from intercontinental into regional hub ports. This study adopted the Port of Kaohsiung as an example of competition with neighboring ports. The results of this study demonstrated that the Port of Kaohsiung is still a competitive docking port on trans-Pacific trunk routes for North America, despite facing external threats (e.g., upsizing of ships, lack of new deep-water terminals, and new strategic alliances affecting terminal operations), overall shipping cost considerations (e.g., container volume, different ship sizes, and port selection), and increasingly intense competition with neighboring ports. Under such circumstances, the Port of Kaohsiung must keep pace with container ship upsizing, sufficiently increase deep-water terminal capacity, and improve its existing container terminals’ operating efficiency to attract route deployment and larger container ships and thereby maintain its current advantages and position as a regional hub port.

Control Design and Assessment for a Reversing Tractor–Trailer System Using a Cascade Controller

In recent years, control design for unmanned systems, especially a tractor–trailer system, has gained popularity among researchers. The emergence of such interest is caused by the potential reduction in cost and shortage of number of workers and labors. Two industries will benefit from the advancements of these types of systems: agriculture and cargo. By using the unmanned tractor–trailer system, harvesting and cultivating plants will become a safe and easy task. It will also cause a reduction in cost which in turn reduces the price on the end consumers. On the other hand, by using the unmanned tractor–trailer system in the cargo industry, shipping cost and time for the item delivery will be reduced. The work presented in this paper focuses on the development of a path tracking and a cascaded controller to control a tractor–trailer in reverse motion. The path tracking controller utilizes the Frenet–Serret frame to control the kinematics of the tractor–trailer system on a desired path, while the cascade controller’s main objective is to stabilize the system and to perform commands issued by the path tracker. The controlled parameters in this proposed design are the lateral distance to a path, trailer’s heading angel, articulated angel, and articulated angle’s rate. The main goal of such controller is to follow a path while the tractor–trailer system is moving in reverse and controlling the stability of the articulated vehicle to prevent the occurrence of a jackknife incident (uncontrolled state). The proposed controller has been tested in a different scenario where a successful implementation has been shown.

Freight shipper’s mode choice preference for sustainable inland transportation

Modelling of transport mode choice preferencehas beencurrently regarded essential to identify the preference of transport agents towards a transport policy. This research proposes a model of the freight mode choice preference by using Stated Preference Methods for the data collection from industrial freight shippers in Gresik, Indonesia. This research examines how truck as an existing mode and rail as a sustainable mode alternative compete for goods movement. As the common feature of discrete choice models, the Binary Logit was utilized to analyze the data. The sensitivity of mode preferences was investigated by changing the shipping cost and hauling time. The results indicated that the respondents were sensitive to haul time and shipping cost. When the shipping cost and hauling time was similar, the probability of choosing a truck was 77%. However, the industrial freight shippers changed the preference when the truck’s shipping cost and haul time was higher than that in the train. The train had a 65% choosing probability when the cost difference was IDR 500,000 lower and the hauling time difference was two days faster than the truck. This study assisted the policymakers to correctly design the variables of shipping cost and hauling time for the future sustainable inland transportation based on freight shipper’s preferences.

Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Vignette Factors of Smartphone Auctions on the Allegro Auction Platform

Purpose: The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on e-commerce sales has been perceived from different points of view. This study focuses on changes in the usage of auction vignette factors on one of the most successful sales platforms, Allegro, at three points in time during the pandemic, considered as the pre-pandemic, deep-pandemic, and post-pandemic state. Design/methodology/approach: The research study uses 3 samples of offers – 320 for the 1st point in time, 259 for the 2nd point in time, and 303 for the 3rd point in time—in the category of Samsung S10 smartphones to determine the changes among the presentation factors belonging to the offers. 22 factors and 5 indexes were examined. Findings: The results show substantial changes in the usage of factors such as shipping cost, the increased importance of “Buy Now” auctions, platform currency, and the decreased importance of “Bid” auctions. The indexes were also proposed in order to adopt a synthetic view of the factor groupings. The shipping index was pointed out as one factor that may be affected by the pandemic. Research limitations/implications: The sampling technique limited the study to a preselected category of smartphones. The category was biased by the use of a non-category brand. Non-category items were removed from the data used. Other limitations include ambiguities involved in the assignment of the factors. Originality/value: The contribution of this study is its examination of a frequently omitted area of factors that buyers use as a first choice when selecting an offer. The uniqueness of the study is covered by the point in time used in the study, i.e. deep-pandemic. Other points in time were based on the announcements of the government of Poland.

SCARCITY MARKETING TO PERCEIVED UNIQUENESS AND DESIRABILITY USERS OF THE FOOD DELIVERY SERVICE INDONESIA APPLICATION

The number of online applications users of food and beverage delivery services in Indonesia is growing every year. That is also followed by many culinary entrepreneurs who have established partnerships with online applications. One of the major online food and beverage delivery service applications in Indonesia is Grabfood. Through Grabfood, products ordered online by users will be delivered to their homes in a relatively short time. Ordering food and drinks through Grabfood is also very beneficial for users because they can enjoy a variety of attractive promotions, both in the form of food and beverage discounts, cashback, shipping cost discounts, and so on. One of the promotional strategies carried out by Grabfood is to do scarcity marketing. This study aims to observe whether the scarcity marketing carried out by Grabfood can affect the desirability of Grabfood users and at the same time examine the role of perceived uniqueness as an intervening variable in the model developed by this study. Scarcity marketing in the study is divided into two types, namely limited-quantity scarcity and limited-time scarcity. The sample in this study involved one hundred and thirteen active users of the Grabfood application who have filled out a complete online questionnaire. The data processing results show that limited-quantity scarcity and limited-time scarcity can directly have a positive and significant effect on perceived uniqueness and desirability. Furthermore, perceived uniqueness also has a direct positive and significant effect on desirability. In its position as an intervening variable, the construct of perceived uniqueness can partially mediate the relationship between limitedquantity scarcity and limited-time scarcity on desirability. Further research focused on another intervening variable that partially mediates the relationship between limited-quantity scarcity and limited-time scarcity to desirabilities, such as perceived value or social status.

Penyelesaian Multiple Trip Heterogeneous Fix Fleet Vehicle Routing Problem (MTHFFVRP) Menggunakan Algoritma Sweep untuk Mendapatkan Optimasi Rute Distribusi LPG 3 kg di PT. Gending Gemilang

ABSTRAKDistibusi merupakan suatu kegiatan menyalurkan produk dari satu tempat ke tempat lainnya. PT. Gending Gemilang merupakan suatu perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang distributor Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 3 kg, setiap harinya perusahaan diharuskan untuk memenuhi permintaan ke 29 pangkalan yang dimiliki perusahaan. Perusahaan memiliki 2 jenis armada yaitu truk sebanyak 4 unit dan L300 sebanyak 3 unit dengan kapasitas setiap jenis armada berbeda beda dan setiap pangkalan memiliki alamat yang berbeda sehingga permasalahan penentuan rute masuk kedalam Multiple Trips Heterogeneous Fix Fleet Routing Problem (MTHFFVRP). Salah satu penentuan rute yang mampu meminimumkan ongkos pengirimanan adalah dengan menggunakan algoritma sweep, algoritma ini bekerja dengan cara melakukan proses clustering berdasarkan urutan sudut polar setiap pangkalan, pada penelitian ini jenis algoritma sweep yang digunakan adalah backward sweep sehingga untuk pembuatan cluster dimulai dari pangkalan yang memiliki sudut polar terbesar menuju pangkalan yang memliki sudut polar terkecil. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan pembuatan rute menggunakan algoritma sweep mampu melakukan penghematan secara signifikan terhadap rute perusahaan saat iniKata kunci: Distribusi, Vehicle Routing Problem, Multiple Trips Heterogenous Fix Fleet Routing Problem (MTHFFVRP), Algoritma sweep ABSTRACTDistribution is an activity to distribute products from one place to another. PT. Gending Gemilang is a company engaged in the distribution of 3 kg of liquefied petroleum gas or it can be called (LPG) 3 kg, every day the company is required to fulfill requests from 29 bases owned by the company. The company has 2 types of fleets, namely 4 unit trucks and 3 unit L300 with different capacities for each type of fleet and each base has a different address so that the problem of determining routes enters the Multiple Trips Heterogeneous Fix Fleet Routing Problem (MTHFFVRP). Determination to minimize the shipping cost of the route used is the sweep algorithm, this algorithm works to carry out the clustering process based on the order of the polar angles of each base, in this study the type of sweep algorithm used is backward sweep so that clustering starts from the base with the largest polar angle towards the base that has the smallest polar angle. The research results show that route creation using the sweep algorithm is able to make significant savings on current company routesKeywords: Distribution; Vehicle Routing Problem; Multiple Trips Heterogenous Fix Fleet Routing Problem (MTHFFVRP); Sweep Algorithm

ANALISIS EFISIENSI BIAYA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE TRANSPORTASI PADA PENDISTRIBUSIAN BARANG PT. XYZ

This research purpose is to streamline the cost of PT. XYZ goods shipping. The company will know the cost efficiency between using the third party transportation services or their own transportation. This reseacrh method is descriptive, the required data is obtained by conducting a survey at this company. Analysis data in this research are using Transportation Method. To get the optimal shipping cost, company had using transportation services by using Transportation Method with North West Corner (NWC), Least Cost, and Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM) approaches. And result of this research is indicate that the method of company using on their own transportation is not optimal, and the company can streamline the cost if using third party transportation services rather than using their own transportation to the destination area. To get the optimal cost, company ought to use Transportation Method.

Integrated Thermal Insulation Packing and Vehicle Routing for Perishable Products in Community Group Purchase

Two transportation modes have been used to solve the “last kilometer” delivery problem of perishable products in China. One mode involves the use of refrigerated vehicles, and the other involves transportation with nonrefrigerated vehicles but with thermal insulation packaging and phase-change refrigerants. In this paper, we studied the distribution of fresh products using nonrefrigerated vehicles under the community group purchase model. A new integrated model that can simultaneously select insulation packaging methods and vehicle paths was developed. We designed a heuristic algorithm based on genetic algorithm to solve larger-scale problems. We found that nonrefrigerated vehicle delivery was better than refrigerated vehicle delivery when neither the cost of the phase-change refrigerant nor the cost of packaging accounts for more than 50% of the total cost. There was an optimal balance between insulation packaging cost and shipping cost. The combination of thin and light packaging materials and high-efficiency cold storage materials could achieve the goals of ensuring the quality of fresh products and reducing transportation costs simultaneously.

Acyclic Mechanism Design for Freight Consolidation

Freight consolidation is a logistics practice that improves the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of transportation operations, and also reduces energy consumption and carbon footprint. A “fair” shipping cost-sharing scheme is indispensable to help establish and sustain the cooperation of a group of suppliers in freight consolidation. In this paper, we design a truthful acyclic mechanism to solve the cost-sharing problem in a freight consolidation system with one consolidation center and one common destination. Applying the acyclic mechanism, the consolidation center decides which suppliers’ demands ship via the consolidation center and their corresponding cost shares based on their willingness to pay for the service. The proposed acyclic mechanism is designed based on bin packing solutions that are also strong Nash equilibria for a related noncooperative game. We study the budget-balance of the mechanism both theoretically and numerically. We prove a 2-budget-balance guarantee for the mechanism in general and better budget-balance guarantees under specific problem settings. Empirical tests on budget-balance show that our mechanism performs much better than the guaranteed budget-balance ratio. We also study the economic efficiency of our mechanism numerically to investigate its impact on social welfare under different conditions.