The Z lineshape challenge: ppm and keV measurements

The FCC-ee offers powerful opportunities for direct or indirect evidence for physics beyond the standard model, via a combination of high-precision measurements and searches for forbidden and rare processes and feebly coupled particles. A key element of FCC-ee physics program is the measurement of the Z lineshape from a total of $$5\times 10^{12}$$ 5 × 10 12 Z bosons and a beam-energy calibration with relative uncertainty of $$10^{-6}$$ 10 - 6 . With this exceptionally large event sample, five orders of magnitude larger than that accumulated during the whole LEP1 operation at the Z pole, the defining parameters—$$m_\mathrm{Z}$$ m Z , $$\Gamma _\mathrm{Z}$$ Γ Z , $$N_\nu $$ N ν , $$\sin ^2\theta _\mathrm{W}^\mathrm{eff}$$ sin 2 θ W eff , $$\alpha _\mathrm{S}(m_\mathrm{Z}^2)$$ α S ( m Z 2 ) , and $$\alpha _\mathrm{QED}(m^2_\mathrm{Z})$$ α QED ( m Z 2 ) —can be extracted with a leap in accuracy of up to two orders of magnitude with respect to the current state of the art. The ultimate goal that experimental and theory systematic errors match the statistical accuracy (4 keV on the Z mass and width, $$3\times 10^{-6}$$ 3 × 10 - 6 on $$\sin ^2\theta _\mathrm{W}^\mathrm{eff}$$ sin 2 θ W eff , a relative $$3\times 10^{-5}$$ 3 × 10 - 5 on $$\alpha _\mathrm{QED}$$ α QED , and less than 0.0001 on $$\alpha _\mathrm{S}$$ α S ) leads to highly demanding requirements on collider operation, beam instrumentation, detector design, computing facilities, theoretical calculations, and Monte Carlo event generators. Such precise measurements also call for innovative analysis methods, which require a joint effort and understanding between theorists, experimenters, and accelerator teams.

Architectural object-states: the crisis of the architectural object

Design computing is concerned with general conditions deriving a specific result. This is done through an explicit design of process. This results in a shift from design process to process design. Process design describes design through series of algorithms together forming a notion of an objectile – an incomplete general yet specific notation capable of generating a family of objects or object-states. In a practice that embraces process design, the creation of custom algorithmic tools (both virtual and actual) and the design of architectural objects, will be augmented with the design of architectural objectiles and object-states.

Architectural object-states: the crisis of the architectural object

Design computing is concerned with general conditions deriving a specific result. This is done through an explicit design of process. This results in a shift from design process to process design. Process design describes design through series of algorithms together forming a notion of an objectile – an incomplete general yet specific notation capable of generating a family of objects or object-states. In a practice that embraces process design, the creation of custom algorithmic tools (both virtual and actual) and the design of architectural objects, will be augmented with the design of architectural objectiles and object-states.

Progress and Challenges in Generative Product Design: A Review of Systems

Design is a challenging task that is crucial to all product development. Advances in design computing may allow machines to move from a supporting role to generators of design content. Generative Design systems produce designs by algorithms and offer the potential for the exploration of vast design spaces, the fostering of creativity, the combination of objective and subjective requirements, and the revolutionary integration of conceptual and detailed design phases. The application of generative methods to the design of discrete, physical, engineered products has not yet been reviewed. This paper reviews the Generative Product Design systems developed since 1998 in order to identify significant approaches and trends. Systems are analyzed according to their primary goal, generative method, the design phase they focus on, whether the generation is automatic or interactive, the number of design options they generate, and the types of design requirements involved in the generation process. Progress using this approach is recognized, and a number of challenges that must be addressed in order to achieve widespread acceptance are identified. Possible solutions are offered, including innovative approaches in Human–Computer Interaction.

A study on the design of bamboo grinding machine

Bamboo is a sustainable and environmentally friendly material that has the potential to improve the global decline of natural resources. Bamboo is one of the popular flora in Southeast Asia; it is also traditional plants that grow abundantly in Vietnamese villages from north to south. Its ability can replace some kinds of wood in decoration and household goods. Bamboo grows up rapidly and can be harvested within 3 to 5 years of planting, in the meanwhile, the harvesting time of other hardwood trees must be from 8 to 10 years or longer. The inherent characteristics of bamboo are lighter than other wood materials and have a value in social and environmental benefits. Its advances in manufacturing technology have created high-value products such as bamboo flooring and bamboo furniture that can substitute for wood flooring and wood furniture. According to the biology studies, the bamboo has the characteristics that can replace the natural wood, but the direction of development from the stage of cultivation to the stage of finished products has not been exploited thoroughly. The production of bamboo plywood will become a great potential for the bamboo plywood industry in Vietnam. Generally, the fabrication of bamboo plywood depends on the following processes such as cutting, grinding to powder or pulp, drying, and pressing processes. In cutting and grinding processes, the trivial remains of bamboo after use, shoots… can be chopped and ground to a powder that is dried and pressed into bamboo plywood by a specialized machine similar to the production of artificial wood particleboard (PB). The aim of this paper is a representation of a design, computing the structure of a version of a bamboo grinding machine that is sustainable, responds to technical requirements, and protection of the environment. The result of the design was applied for manufacture a typical bamboo machine in the CAD-CAM workshop of DCSELAB in the framework of a project between DCSELAB and PhuAn Village Corporation that has evaluated with satisfaction the real proof of the design. The machine has been in the session of initial testing and exploitation.

Aspects of the study of the increase of the energy efficiency in the operation of the induction motors within the ancillary services of a thermoelectric power plant

In this paper, the authors systematized and interpreted the results obtained by running their own design computing programs, developed using the facilities offered by the Mathcad mathematical software package combined with facilities offered by appropriate custom chart wizard, provided by Excel. These programs were developed based on the algorithms for calculating the parameters of the equivalent scheme, the electrical balance components and the energy efficiency indicators (efficiency, power factor) for a three-phase induction motor with squirrel cage rotor with deep rectangular bars within the ancillary services of a thermoelectric power plant, using a complete mathematical model for different degrees of loading.