Inappropriate Medication Use and Cost Comparison Analysis of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Evidence from an Indian Tertiary Care Facility

Rationale and objective: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is one of the most widely prescribed medicines and commonly used in gastric related disorders and there is a huge need to analyze the irrational use of PPI in a country like India. The present study was designed to describe the rational drug use and cost comparison analysis of PPI in a rural tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A prospective observational study was performed among 253 inpatients for a period of 9 months after getting ethical approval. Those who received the PPIs for any of its indications were included in the study without any gender or age restriction. US FDA guidelines were used to analyse the appropriateness of the drug use and cost comparison analysis of the branded versus generic PPIs was also performed. Findings: Among the 253 inpatients, the majority (62%) were male and the mean age was 46±19 years. Mean hospital stay and the number of drugs in prescription were found to be 4.0 ± 1days 4.39 ±1.16 items, respectively. Pantoprazole (76%) was the most prescribed PPI even though the majority (57%) of the patients treated outside the FDA approved indication. Drug interaction has been reported in 14% and ADR in 9% of the population. The average cost of hospital stay estimated as 207.96+149.57 INR, and potential cost saving of INR 41582 was observed with generic replacement. Conclusion: The study inferred irrational drug use of PPI still prevalent, that too without considering the economic impact of it on general populations. Healthcare practitioners should be aware and cautious while prescribing the PPI to identify the actual need and to choose the most cost-effective alternative 1.

Cost comparison analysis of slab structure using concrete beam and steel beam

Cost planning is an important phase on construction project planning to give illustration to the owner how much cost they should spend to execute that project. The slab is an element of the structure that has a large amount of the quantity so that affects the cost of the whole project. Then the cost comparison of slab structure has to be analyzed to know the most optimum design between conventional shuttering with the concrete beam on the initial design, first alternative options design, and metal deck shuttering with steel beam on second alternative design. The calculation of the slab structure cost analysis were based on Indonesia’s standard (PermenPUPR and SNI). The result is the first alternative options design that using concrete beam were cheaper 10,24% than the initial design that using concrete beam too while the second alternative options design that using steel beam were more expensive 27,14% than the initial design.

PERBANDINGAN BIAYA PEMAKAIAN LISTRIK MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM PASCABAYAR DENGAN SISTEM PRABAYAR PADA LISTRIK RUMAH TANGGA

This study aims to determine the behaviour of electricity consumption on a postpay system, the behaviour of electricity consumption on a prepaid system, and get a cost comparison analysis data of electricity consumption on a postpay system with prepaid system on household electricity. The population of this research is 30 consumers of postpay system 1300 VA and 30 consumers of prepaid system 1300 VA in RW 07 Tomang Grogol Petamburan District West Jakarta by using qualitative research methods to the behaviour the behaviour of electricity consumption on a postpay system, and thebehaviour of electricity consumption on a prepaid system, and quantitative research methods to get a cost comparison analysis data of electricity consumption on a postpay system with prepaid system on household electricity. This research instruments used analog kWh meter, digital kWh meter, field observation, questionnaire, calculations, and documentation. The average of electricity consumption on a postpay system 1300 VA is Rp 499.343. The average of electricity consumption on a prepaid system 1300 VA is Rp 382.935. To test the hypothesis in this research used test requirements, is normality test, homogeneity test, and t-test. The result is t-./0!1 < t/3456or 1,224 < 2,00172, it’s mean there isn’t difference in cost of electricity consumption on a postpay system 1300 VA and cost of electricity consumption on a prepaid system by comparison 1:1. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku pemakaian listrik menggunakan sistem pascabayar, perilaku pemakaian listrik menggunakan sistem prabayar, dan mendapatkan data analisis perbandingan biaya pemakaian listrik menggunakan sistem pascabayar dengan sistem prabayar pada listrik rumah tangga. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 30 konsumen listrik sistem pascabayar 1300 VA dan 30 konsumen listrik prabayar di RW 07 Kelurahan Tomang Kecamatan Grogol Petamburan Jakarta Barat dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk perilaku pemakaian listrik menggunakan sistem pascabayar dan perilaku pemakaian listrik menggunakan sistem prabayar, dan metode penelitian kuantitatif untuk data analisis perbandingan biaya pemakaian listrik menggunakan sistem pascabayar dengan sistem prabayar. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kWh meter analog, kWh meter digital, observasi lapangan, kuesioner, perhitungan, dan dokumentasi. Hasil rata-rata biaya hasil observasi listrik pascabayar 1300 VA adalah Rp 499.343. Hasil rata-rata biaya hasil observasi listrik prabayar 1300 VA adalah Rp 382.935. Untuk menguji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini digunakan uji persyaratan, yaitu uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji-t. Didapatkan t-./0!1 < t/3456atau 1,224 < 2,00172 yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan biaya hasil observasi listrik pascabayar 1300 VA dan biaya hasil observasi listrik prabayar 1300 VA dengan perbandingan 1:1. observasi listrik prabayar 1300 VA dengan perbandingan 1:1

Dalbavancin to Treat Infected Massive Endoprostheses: A Case Report and Cost Comparison Analysis

We report a case of an infected massive endoprosthetic replacement treated successfully with 2 stage surgery and off-label dalbavancin. Dalbavancin was used due to a limited number of antimicrobial options that could be administered safely in an outpatient setting and to avoid the need for daily dosing.