Territorial Aspects of Population Dynamics in Rural Localities of Volgograd Region

The article deals with the territorial aspects of the population dynamics in rural localities of Volgograd region in 1969–2010 in connection with the regulatory documents of the strategic planning of spatial development of the Russian Federation. The analysis is based on data from population Censuses and materials from the State Archive of Volgograd Region. The significance of the population index for economic development is considered. The relationship between the population size and the natural and economic-geographical conditions of the territories is shown. A typology of rural settlements of Volgograd region in terms of population is developed that meets the objectives of the study. The dynamics of the population in all 1474 villages in the context of rural administrative districts, rural councils (settlements), and individual rural localities of Volgograd region are studied. The change in this indicator in the context of the administrative districts of the region is analyzed. The structure of the villages of the region by the number of residents is studied. The spatial distribution of settlements of different population levels in time dynamics is studied. The main features of the analysis of the cartographic diagram “The structure of the population and its changes in the villages of Volgograd region for 1969–2010” constructed by the authors are described. Forecast assumptions about the territorial development of rural settlements of Volgograd region are made. The considered processes in the structure of rural settlements by population allow us to predict in the near future unfavorable socio-demographic trends, in particular, the advanced optimization of education, health, and social services at the regional and municipal levels in territories with a high proportion of small villages. First of all, this applies to villages with a population of up to 200 people and 200–700 people, which were not previously included in industrial development programs.

STATUS OF AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR AS A FACTOR OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE

The article is devoted to the study of the advantages that give the subjects of foreign economic activity the status of an authorized economic operator and its impact on the level of international competitiveness of the enterprise. Object of research is international competitiveness of the enterprise. The purpose of the work is to study the prospects of obtaining the status of AEO by the subjects of foreign economic activity in the conditions of intensification of foreign economic activity, which will provide them with competitive advantages in international markets. Method of research is methods of synthesis and analysis. The international competitiveness of the enterprise is determined by the set of its competitive advantages in the foreign market. It is established that one of the potential advantages for domestic enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity is to obtain the status of an authorized economic operator. The types of authorization depending on the place of the enterprise in the international supply chain are considered. A three-layer system of providing simplifications to economic operators in the EU is presented. The benefits of obtaining this status for exporters and importers are identified. The results of this article can be used, for example, by enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity to ensure competitive advantages over other companies. Forecast assumptions about the object of study - increasing the level of international competitiveness of enterprises by obtaining the status of an authorized economic operator. KEY WORDS: INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES, AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR, FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ENTERPRISE, CUSTOMS.

ANALYSIS OF THE TRAINING LEVEL FROM THE GENERAL COURSE OF PHYSICS OF THE FIRST COURSE STUDENTS BY ENTRANCE CONTROL RESULTS

According to the results of the entrance control, the training level from the general course of physics of the first year students studying in technical specialties was analyzed. The object of the study - the training level of the general course of physics of the first year students, studying in technical specialties. Purpose of the study - analyze the level of general education in physics of the first year students, studying in technical specialties with the help of entrance control, whose tasks represented the problems of the specified academic discipline. Method of the study - for the purpose of the study, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, generalization, formulation of conclusions. In this paper, the results of entrance control of knowledge from the physics of the first year students studying in technical specialties that was carried out in the beginning of 2018-2019 academic year are presented. The tasks of the entrance control were the problems, the complexity of which did not go beyond the limits of the program of physics for general-education institutions of the standard level. The analysis of the entrance control results revealed a rather low level of general education from the physics in most students. On the basis of the performed analysis of the entrance control results, it was concluded that the existing level of general education on the physics in most of the first-year students is not sufficient for the successful study of the specified academic discipline of the technical university level. The results of the article can be introduced into the educational process while teaching the general physics course to students of technical and pedagogical universities. Forecast assumptions about the object of study - consideration of scientific methods that enhance the motivation of students of technical universities to study the course of general physics. KEY WORDS: ENTRANCE CONTROL OF PHYSICS, PROBLEMS OF PHYSICS, TRAINING LEVEL OF STUDENTS, GENERAL COURSE OF PHYSICS, TECHNICAL SPECIALTIES.

FORMATION OF A SYSTEM OF CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN CONSTRUCTION AND RECONSTRUCTION PROJECTS OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

In the article, based on existing approaches to the identification and systematization of assessment criteria, a system of criteria has been developed to assess the environmental impact of construction projects and the reconstruction of critical infrastructure. The proposed system of environmental impact assessment criteria is first and foremost relevant to critical transport infrastructure. Purpose of the study - creation of a system of environmental impact assessment criteria in construction projects and the reconstruction of critical infrastructure to identify potential environmental hazards and threats to projects of this type. Method of the study - methodology of project and program management; mechanisms for identification and systematization of criteria. A system of criteria has been developed consisting of five main blocks of criteria, namely: the quality of the surface layer of atmospheric air, waste management, physical factors of influence, social environment and industrial environment. Each of these blocks of criteria contains indicators that detail them. The results of the article can be implemented in the process of environmental impact assessment of construction projects and reconstruction of critical infrastructure. Forecast assumptions about the object of study - developing a method for assessing the environmental impact of construction and reconstruction projects for critical transport infrastructure. KEY WORDS: TRANSPORT, SECURITY, PROJECT, OBJECT, CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, CRITERIA, PROTECTION.

FORMATION OF A MODEL OF INCLUSIVE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE

The paper investigates theoretical aspects of inclusive growth and development, we determined the level of inclusive development in Ukraine, analyzed the strengths, weaknesses, prospects and risks of inclusive development in modern conditions of the economy developed a mechanism for constructing a model of inclusive development of Ukraine. The object of the study is process of inclusive growth and development. Purpose of the study is to summarize theoretical and methodological foundations for inclusive growth and development conduct research and create a model of inclusive growth and development of Ukraine. Method of the study - methods of economic, systemic, comparative analysis and modeling. Results and innovation of the study - in modern conditions of economy of inclusive development of Ukraine is currently ranked 49th place in the rating of the IDI with the index of 3,42, which is significantly lower than it was in 2017, when IDI was 3,67 and the country ranked 47th position. According to the WEF Report, Ukraine has a high position in the categories «Education and skills» IDI of 5,86, «Employment labor and social payments» IDI 4,78, «Basic services and infrastructure» has the IDI of 4,75. The category «Levels of corruption and rent» occupies the last place in terms of 2,81 IDI, this is a weakness of the Ukrainian economy. The paper presents a SWOT analysis of the inclusive development of Ukraine in modern conditions of the economy, which included strengths, weaknesses, prospects and risks. Having considered each key separately and analyzing them as a whole, was the mechanism of constructing a model of inclusive development, based on principles such as accessibility, self-regulation, trust, transparency, integration capabilities and security. Forecast assumptions about the object of study - the implementation of the model for inclusive development of Ukraine can be a powerful impetus for change at the legislative level in our country, attracting foreign investors and moving Ukraine to the leaders on the world stage. KEYWORDS: DEVELOPMENT, INCLUSIVE GROWTH, THE INDEX OF INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT, SWOT-ANALYSIS, WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM, THE MODEL OF INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT.