PECULIARITIES OF THE WORK OF THE ELECTRONIC CABINET OF TAXPAYERS

The article examines the structure and principle of operation of the electronic office of the taxpayer, its advantages and disadvantages. The object of research is the electronic office of the taxpayer. The purpose of the work is to analyze the work of the electronic office of the taxpayer. Research method - a method of operationalization of concepts, induction and deduction. The interaction of taxpayers and controlling bodies with the use of information and communication technologies is on the way to reforming the state bodies of Ukraine in accordance with the requirements of the European Union. One of the directions of modernization of the information system of the State Tax Service is the introduction of a new electronic service for providing electronic services to taxpayers using the Internet environment and a single web portal of the State Tax Service of Ukraine - a personal electronic office of the taxpayer. The electronic service was developed as part of the «Tax Block» system. The structure of the electronic office of the taxpayer is considered in detail. The advantages of submitting electronic reporting are analyzed and the ways to improve the work of the electronic cabinet are identified. KEY WORDS: ELECTRONIC CABINET, TAXPAYER, WEB PORTAL, TAXES, FEES.

MODELING AS A SCIENTIFIC TOOL FOR SUBSTANTIATION OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

On the basis of analysis of existing approaches to the process of decision making, in this article the procedure of taking optimal operational decisions is proposed, which describes in detail all of its aspects and features related to the specifics of the operational activities of transport enterprises. In this procedure the basic steps are those directly related to the modeling: formulation of the problem (formalization of the original problem), construction of the model, its solution, credibility and adequacy check, restoration (or adjustment) of the model. The object of the research is decision-making process in the operational management of transport enterprises. The purpose of the research is to develop a procedure for the process of making optimal operational decisions based on existing approaches to the decision-making process, using modeling as a scientific tool to substantiate them. The research method is methods of system analysis and modeling. It has been discovered that the need to reduce the subjectivity of the process of making important decisions in the operational activities of transport enterprises and increase its scientific validity is especially relevant today, in the face of threats and uncertainty about the external environment of the organization. All methods of rational decision-making are based on models, which, in turn, are scientific tools. Modeling creates a serious informational and methodological basis for structural analysis of decisions needed to improve the management process for operational managers and hence - to increase the level of management in general, because it makes them more systematic, and the tools used during this help them be more rational. The results of the article can be implemented during making complex and important management decisions in the operational activities of both transport enterprises and other business entities of various activities, regardless of the organizational and legal form and ownership. KEY WORDS: MODELING METHOD, MODELING, MODEL, TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE, OPERATIONAL ACTIVITY, OPERATIONS MANAGER, MANAGEMENT DECISION.

STATUS OF AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR AS A FACTOR OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE

The article is devoted to the study of the advantages that give the subjects of foreign economic activity the status of an authorized economic operator and its impact on the level of international competitiveness of the enterprise. Object of research is international competitiveness of the enterprise. The purpose of the work is to study the prospects of obtaining the status of AEO by the subjects of foreign economic activity in the conditions of intensification of foreign economic activity, which will provide them with competitive advantages in international markets. Method of research is methods of synthesis and analysis. The international competitiveness of the enterprise is determined by the set of its competitive advantages in the foreign market. It is established that one of the potential advantages for domestic enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity is to obtain the status of an authorized economic operator. The types of authorization depending on the place of the enterprise in the international supply chain are considered. A three-layer system of providing simplifications to economic operators in the EU is presented. The benefits of obtaining this status for exporters and importers are identified. The results of this article can be used, for example, by enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity to ensure competitive advantages over other companies. Forecast assumptions about the object of study - increasing the level of international competitiveness of enterprises by obtaining the status of an authorized economic operator. KEY WORDS: INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES, AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR, FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ENTERPRISE, CUSTOMS.

RESEARCH OF QUALITY FORMATION OF TRANSPORT SERVICES BY PASSENGER TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES OF EU

The article examines the processes, criteria and factors to ensure the quality of passenger transport services. Object of study - processes to ensure the quality of passenger transport services in the context of European integration of Ukraine. Purpose - a study of the world experience in the formation of the concept of quality of transport services, summarizing the main factors that affect the quality of transport services, as well as the main criteria affecting the qualitative characteristics of the services of the transport. Method study - generalization of fundamental works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists of economists is in the internal checking system, dialectical going, fundamental positions of economic theory, system-logical approach near research of the economic phenomena and processes. Satisfaction the needs of society and economy of passenger transport services depends on the quality and timeliness of those services. Questions of quality passenger transport services are interested in users of transport services, companies providing them. However, the requirements and the basic criteria for assessing the quality they are different. If the passenger transport enterprise interested in providing their services with minimal effort and money, the service users in their assessment pay attention not only on the cost of services, but also on transport safety, comfort, delivery time, etc.. The quality of the transport concept of integrated services, which is constantly being developed and improved. Global trends show that the quality of transport services must ensure the needs and expectations of consumers. Accordingly, it is increasing the importance of defining the qualities that affect the quality of service. Given the transient and dynamic nature of modern society and the lifestyle of the main consumers of the services the system factors and quality criteria must be flexible and dynamic to meet the industry's competitiveness on the European market of services. Awareness of the main criteria for assessing the quality of services will help to identify potential strengths and weaknesses. This will help improve not only the quality but also the process of enterprise management, industry, improve customer satisfaction of services received, will increase competitiveness. The results of the article can be inculcated in-process services of enterprises of a transport complex. KEYWORDS: QUALITY, TRANSPORT SERVICE. CRITERIA of QUALITY, TRANSPORT.

METROBUS ROUTE SELECTION IN KYIV

The paper describes selection and justification of metrobus route in Kyiv. Object of the study - Kyiv transport system. Purpose of the study - selection and justification of metrobus route in Kyiv. Method of the study - statistical analysis, synthesis, formalization and generalization. Metrobus is a promising public transport system in cities, because it has low cost and high speed of construction of line compared to rail transport, high speed of movement in dedicated lanes, ability to flexibly change the passenger flow due to changes in bus traffic, ability to partially use metrobus lane for other special vehicles, low-cost travel due to high passenger capacity and efficient payment systems, reduction of air pollution, and its absence when using electric buses. Analyzed the current state of public transport in Kyiv. It was found that the most acute problem with transport is in the residential area Vyhurivshchyna-Troieshchyna. Driving time in rush hours from Pochayna metro station in the direction of Vygurovshchina-Troeshchina is increases by 10-27 min. compared to nighttime hours, when traffic is low, and the accidents or road works can further increase it. Metrobus route Miloslavska St. - Pochayna metro station was proposed. The route has a total length of 11.1 km and has 13 stops. Average distance between stops is 854 m and fits into the generally accepted norms used in construction of metrobus lines (800-1200 m). This will solve transport problem on this route and reduce average driving time to 18.5 minutes only using dedicated lanes. The results of the article can be used to design metrobus line and to determine of vehicles performance properties that will be used on them. KEYWORDS: METROBUS, BUS RAPID TRANSIT, ROUTE, VYGUROVSHCHINA- TROESHCHINA, PUBLIC TRANSPORT

TO THE QUESTION OF THE CHOICE OF MOBILE COMPOSITION IN THE BRT SYSTEM

In article the question at the choice of the rolling stock of passenger motor transport in the BRT system which provides movements of buses on specially allocated and often obgorodzheny strips, that is its full isolation on the road from other means of transport is considered. For increase in passenger capacity in the BRT system use three-link buses and trolleybuses. Along with indisputable advantages of three-link buses and trolleybuses also shortcomings - the worst maneuverability and stability of the movement in comparison with two-link are inherent in them. Besides, the efficiency of operation of such cars is provided with a passenger traffic which during the day can change many times. Therefore the road train as a part of two (or three) the buses or trolleybuses working in connection, і which passenger capacity similar to the jointed buses and trolleybuses can become perspective. In rush hours the bus train, and in interpeak the period - each bus separately works (the possible parking of one bus at allocated to the platform). In view of restriction of the maximum length of the bus train at the level of 24.26 m, as buses as making road trains, we will accept the 8th meter buses MAZ 206. Passenger capacity of such bus is 72 passenger, the power of the traction engine - 160 kW. The expediency of use of three-link hook-on road train is proved by the conducted researches that MAZ 206 with a total length up to 26 m and with a passenger capacity up to 220 passengers in the BRT system consists of three same buses. It is shown that the total power of engines is necessary for the movement of such bus train with a speed of 25 m/s has to make 300 kW while for one bus at the movement with the same speed it has to be at the level of 135 kW. It demonstrates about economic feasibility of use of the bus train from three buses working in connection because for their movement in all range of speeds there is enough power of two engines, that is one of buses can be used as the passive trailer that will lead to improvement of fuel profitability of the bus train. It is established that on maneuverability indicators three links the hook-on road train considerably exceeds three links pivotally - the jointed bus. So, the dimensional lane of the hook-on bus train at execution of the most typical maneuvers by it during the work on a city route does not exceed 3.9 and 4.1 m at turns respectively on 900 and 1800 that it is much less, than for three links pivotally the jointed bus 24 m long respectively of 6.8 and 8.2 m. KEYWORDS: THREE-UNIT THE ROAD TRAIN, THE BUS, PIVOTALLY-THE JOINTED BUS, THE BRT SYSTEM, POWER, MANEUVERABILITY, A TRAJECTORY, OVERALL STRIP

DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM MODEL FOR THE FORMATION OF MENTAL SPACE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SECURITY PROJECTS OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

In the study, based on the existing approaches to the assessment of mental space in the project management environment, a model of mental space for the implementation of transport safety projects was formed. The purpose of the work is to create a system model of the formation of mental space in the management of security projects of transport enterprises to increase the efficiency of their implementation. Research methods - project and program management methodologies; mechanisms of set theory, system and process analysis. The developed system model includes the mental space of the security project; the mental space of the project manager / project team, to be determined by the general policy of safety management of the enterprise and is formed by the mental space of the transport enterprise; the mental space of stakeholders is defined as the mental space that is formed by the general attitude to ensuring the safety of the transport industry; the mental space of mobile content / environment is determined by the zonal culture of transport safety that exists in a particular region. This comprehensive approach allows us to move towards taking into account all the important components in the management of transport safety and especially in transport companies. The results of the article in the implementation of the procedure of forming a mental space in the management of security projects of transport enterprises to improve their efficiency can be implemented. Predictive assumptions for the development of the object of study - the development of a method of forming a mental space in the management of security projects of transport enterprises. KEY WORDS: PROJECT, PROJECT MANAGEMENT, MENTAL SPACE, TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE, SECURITY, SYSTEM MODEL

IMPLEMENTATION OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AT THE ENTERPRISE: CHOICE OF STRATEGY AND WAYS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION

The article defines the essence of the concept of «strategy» and «strategic management». The peculiarities of the enterprise strategy, which distinguishes it from current actions, are studied. The stages and main components of the strategic management system at the enterprise are revealed. The classification and characteristics of the main strategies of enterprises are determined. It is determined by which tools the implementation of the strategy on business entities depends.

COMBUSTION OF GASOLINE AND ETANOL MIXTURE

Thanks to the pressure of the Environmental Society, the priority of engine manufacturers is to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and reduce fuel consumption while constantly increasing engine performance. One way to overcome the aforementioned technical and social problems is to use alcohols, natural or synthetic, such as ethanol to power engines. The objectives of manufacturers of alternative fuels is to provide consumers with the opportunity to use their product without changing the parameters of the main units in their vehicles, therefore the stoichiometry of the combustion of fuel mixtures is important, since this parameter can affect the amount of fuel burned, the quality of exhaust gases and the power of the internal combustion engine. Combustion in a car engine is exothermic, which means that a side effect of this chemical reaction is heat released into the environment. The condition for starting the combustion process is the thermal coefficient – for spark ignition engines – a spark, and for diesel engines – heat during compression of the fuel-air mixture. From the above it follows that after the oxidation reaction in the exhaust gases there should be no residual fuel particles, which in turn is an image of stoichiometric combustion. Since the stoichiometric mixture is very difficult to achieve outside laboratory conditions, a distinction is made between a non-greasy mixture (too much oxidizing agent) and a saturated mixture (too little oxidizing agent), but always strive to reach λ = 1, which corresponds to a stoichiometric mixture. The heavy weight when working with ethanol fuel is the one that affects the operation of the engine and its components. Therefore, it is important to compare the physicochemical data of gasoline and ethanol, as well as mixed fuel – E85. The article deals with the stoichiometry of combustion of an alternative fuel - a mixture of gasoline and ethanol. The economic and environmental conditions that initiated the production of this type of fuel were taken into account, the fuel mixtures were divided according to the content of fuel and oxidants in the combustion chamber. Attention is drawn to the determination of the stoichiometric mixture, as well as to the lambda coefficient (λ), which helps to determine the type of mixture. The properties of gasoline (in the form of iso-octane) and ethanol are described in separate sections and each is compared. One chapter is devoted to the description of the E85 mixture used in Flexi Fuel Vehicles engines, the requirements for this fuel are determined by the Minister of Economy on the requirements for the quality of biofuels, and attention is also paid to the effect of the mixture on the operation of the engine and the content of chemical compounds in the exhaust using E85 biofuel. It has been established that ethanol fuel (in particular E100) is undoubtedly a step forward in terms of ecology, transport economics and the development of alternative fuels. However, its physicochemical properties cause many problems in engine operation. Despite the improvement in the net power generated by the engine, it should be remembered that for the current mechanical parts and their materials, this is a “problem” mixture that requires frequent and accurate diagnostics and calibration. KEY WORDS: STOICHIOMETRIC MIXTURE, COMBUSTION, MIXTURE OF GASOLINE AND ETHANOL, ALTERNATIVE FUEL, IMPROVEMENT OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF THE ENGINE.

EFFECT OF CONTAMINATANTS IN FUEL USED IN DIESEL ENGINES ON FUEL LUBRICITY

During the production, transportation, distribution, use or storage of diesel fuel, liquid and solid substances get into it, negatively affecting their operational properties. These substances are called pollutants. At the same time, impurities are removed from the fuel by filtration, dehydration and settling. The total amount is the result of the cleaning process. The performance of the aforementioned tasks of the fuel system is mainly determined by the corresponding physicochemical properties of the diesel fuel. The properties of the fuel that affect the functioning of the fuel system are as follows: masticity, viscosity, density, rheological indicators at low temperatures. Failure to comply with the requirements for oil and the content of impurities in diesel fuel can quickly damage injection equipment, which is sensitive to changes in fuel quality. By nature, contaminants of diesel fuel include: dust particles, water, corrosion products of pipelines and tanks, microorganisms, resinous substances. The requirements for diesel oils contained in the PN-EN 590 standard determine the permissible contamination level. The maximum content of solid pollutants for diesel engines is 24 mg / kg. This value is the amount of solids released when filtering a given amount of fuel through a nitrocellulose filter, the pore size of which is less than 0.8 microns. The fifth edition of the World Fuel Charter, September 2013, contains an additional criterion for the particle size of particulate pollutants. A section introduced concerns particles larger than 4 µm, 6 µm and 14 µm. According to the assumption of the division of molecules into corresponding groups of sizes, the purity of diesel fuel is determined by three numbers. These, in turn, correspond to the number of molecules contained in the above size ranges. TDue to the possibility of microbial growth, filter blocking or increased galvanic corrosion, it is assumed that the water in diesel fuel should not be in a separate phase. The permitted water content in diesel fuel is 200 mg / kg. The release of sulfur compounds into the atmosphere increases the concentration of other toxic components in the exhaust gases of vehicles with compression inflammation engines. Sulfur improves the masticability of diesel fuel, but due to environmental protection, its content is systematically reduced. Modern standards for these fuels allow sulfur content up to 10 mg / kg. The content of impurities can be defined as the volume (v / v) or mass (w / m) fraction of impurities contained in a unit volume or mass of the test liquid. There are many methods for determining the content of various types of impurities, from the simplest - visual, through quantitative and qualitative tests, to chemical tests. Four samples of diesel fuel were tested. Diesel (ON) was the baseline. The rest of the samples underwent an accelerated contamination procedure. The pollutants used in the study were: water, gasoline, solid powder abrasive substances consisting of silicon carbide grains SiC (95 - 98%) and impurities Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, SiO2, MnO2, granulation 4.5 μm ± 1%. In a baseline test of unstained diesel fuel, a capture force Poz of 930 N was obtained. Capture occurred after 2 s of the test. The sample, a mixture of diesel and gasoline, showed a slight decrease in Poz strength compared to baseline breakdown. The difference was 3%. The time over which the entrainment was observed was similar to the time taken for the baseline sample. During the examination of a diesel fuel sample contaminated with solid particles of abrasive powder, there was a sharp decrease in the gripping force by as much as 97% relative to the result obtained for the base sample, and the beginning of gripping was less than 0.5 s. Tests with a mixture of diesel fuel and water showed a 15% decrease in gripping force, and the time was also 2 s. After comparing the results obtained, it can be concluded that all the impurities used influenced the force of the gripping load. Different results indicate different degrees of influence of certain pollutants on the makability of diesel oil. KEY WORDS: DIESEL, POLLUTANTS, LUBRICANT PROPERTIES, GRIP, GRIP STRENGTH.