Physics Formalism Helmholtz Matrix to Coulomb Gage

Iyer Markoulakis Helmholtz Hamiltonian mechanics formalisms mathematically modeled physics with vortex rotational fields acting with gradient fields, typically in zero-point microblackhole general fields. Here, Helmholtz metrics have been gaged to Coulombic Hilbert metrics, representing Gilbertian and Amperian natures of electromagnetic fields out of the mechanical fields from Helmholtz Hamiltonian mechanics. This ansatz general gaging helps to properly isolate field effects – mechanical, electric, magnetic components within the analytical processes. Vacuum gravitational fields and the flavor Higgs-Boson matter inertial gravitational fields have been thus quantified extending to stringmetrics constructs matrix showing charge asymmetry gage metrics, having the power to analyze dark energy superluminal phase, dark matter luminal phase, and light matter subluminal phase. Interpreting particle physics gage matrix pointing to Dirac seas electrons, monopoles with positrons, electron-positron annihilation leading to energy production, relativistic energy generating matter, and both monopoles – vacuum and compressed out of vortex Helmholtz decomposition fields have been interpolated. Quantum ASTROPHYSICS gage metrix posits superluminal profile of signals velocity generating electron-positron chain like “curdling” action that is consistent with physics literature reporting nature electron photon observed oscillatory fields configurations. This helps proposing creation of neutrino antineutrino pair orthogonal to electron positron “curdling” planes, that may lead to formation of protonic hydrogen of stars or orthogonally muon. These aspects will explain receding or fast expanding universe with dark matter in terms of flavor metrics versus gage associating metrics flavor. Additional interpretations of virtual gravitational dipoles that have gravitational charge of opposite signs, reported per physics literature at Planck dimensions, that may originate at the center of supermassive blackhole. On the other hands, vacuum monopoles occur probably at infinity with cosmos extent.

Solar System limits on gravitational dipoles

ABSTRACT The gravitational dipole theory of Hadjukovic (2010) is based on the hypothesis that antimatter has a negative gravitational mass and thus falls upwards on the Earth. Astrophysically, the model is similar to but more fundamental than Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), with the Newtonian gravity $g_{_\mathrm{ N}}$ towards an isolated point mass boosted by the factor $\nu = 1 + \left(\alpha /x \right) \tanh \left(\sqrt{x}/\alpha \right)$, where $x \equiv g_{_\mathrm{ N}}/a_{_0}$ and $a_{_0} = 1.2 \times 10^{-10}$ m s−2 is the MOND acceleration constant. We show that α must lie in the range 0.4–1 to acceptably fit galaxy rotation curves. In the Solar System, this interpolating function implies an extra Sunwards acceleration of ${\alpha a_{_0}}$. This would cause Saturn to deviate from Newtonian expectations by 7000(α/0.4) km over 15 yr, starting from known initial position and velocity on a near-circular orbit. We demonstrate that this prediction should not be significantly altered by the postulated dipole haloes of other planets due to the rather small region in which each planet’s gravity dominates over that of the Sun. The orbit of Saturn should similarly be little affected by a possible ninth planet in the outer Solar System and by the Galactic gravity causing a non-spherical distribution of gravitational dipoles several kAU from the Sun. Radio tracking of the Cassini spacecraft orbiting Saturn yields a 5σ upper limit of 160 m on deviations from its conventionally calculated trajectory. These measurements imply a much more stringent upper limit on α than the minimum required for consistency with rotation curve data. Therefore, no value of α can simultaneously match all available constraints, falsifying the gravitational dipole theory in its current form at extremely high significance.

On the gravitational field of a point-like body immersed in a quantum vacuum

ABSTRACT Quantum vacuum and the matter immersed in it interact through electromagnetic, strong and weak interactions. However, we have zero knowledge of the gravitational properties of the quantum vacuum. As an illustration of the possible fundamental gravitational impact of the quantum vacuum, we study the gravitational field of an immersed point-like body. This is done under the working hypothesis, that quantum vacuum fluctuations are virtual gravitational dipoles (i.e. two gravitational charges of the same magnitude but opposite sign); coincidentally, this hypothesis makes quantum vacuum free of the cosmological constant problem. The major result is that a point-like body creates a halo of polarized quantum vacuum around itself, which acts as an additional source of gravity. There is a maximal magnitude ${g_{\rm qv\max}}$ of gravitational acceleration that can be caused by a polarized quantum vacuum; the small size of this magnitude (${g_{\rm qv\max}} < 6\ \times {10^{ - 11}}\,\mathrm{ m\,s}{^{-2}}$) is the reason why in some cases (for instance within the Solar system) the quantum vacuum can be neglected. Advanced experiments at CERN and forthcoming astronomical observations will reveal if this is true or not, but we point to already existing empirical evidence that seemingly supports this fascinating possibility.

Antimatter gravity and the Universe

The aim of this brief review is twofold. First, we give an overview of the unprecedented experimental efforts to measure the gravitational acceleration of antimatter; with antihydrogen, in three competing experiments at CERN (AEGIS, ALPHA and GBAR), and with muonium and positronium in other laboratories in the world. Second, we present the 21st Century’s attempts to develop a new model of the Universe with the assumed gravitational repulsion between matter and antimatter; so far, three radically different and incompatible theoretical paradigms have been proposed. Two of these three models, Dirac–Milne Cosmology (that incorporates CPT violation) and the Lattice Universe (based on CPT symmetry), assume a symmetric Universe composed of equal amounts of matter and antimatter, with antimatter somehow “hidden” in cosmic voids; this hypothesis produced encouraging preliminary results. The heart of the third model is the hypothesis that quantum vacuum fluctuations are virtual gravitational dipoles; for the first time, this hypothesis makes possible and inevitable to include the quantum vacuum as a source of gravity. Standard Model matter is considered as the only content of the Universe, while phenomena usually attributed to dark matter and dark energy are explained as the local and global effects of the gravitational polarization of the quantum vacuum by the immersed baryonic matter. An additional feature is that we might live in a cyclic Universe alternatively dominated by matter and antimatter. In about three years, we will know if there is gravitational repulsion between matter and antimatter; a discovery that can forever change our understanding of the Universe.

THE SIGNATURES OF NEW PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY?

The first three years of the LHC experiments at CERN have ended with "the nightmare scenario": all tests, confirm the Standard Model of Particles so well that theorists must search for new physics without any experimental guidance. The supersymmetric theories, a privileged candidate for new physics, are nearly excluded. As a potential escape from the crisis, we propose thinking about a series of astonishing relations suggesting fundamental interconnections between the quantum world and the large scale Universe. It seems reasonable that, for instance, the equation relating a quark–antiquark pair with the fundamental physical constants and cosmological parameters must be a sign of new physics. One of the intriguing possibilities is interpreting our relations as a signature of the quantum vacuum containing the virtual gravitational dipoles.