Euthanasia Through Cervical Dislocation or CO2 Might Affect Keel Bone Fracture Prevalence in 30-Week-Old Laying Hens

Laying hens are susceptible to keel bone fractures due to continuous endogenous calcium resorption for eggshell formation. Although it is assumed that external trauma to the keel bone, e.g., due to collisions, is the main cause for fractures, accumulated forces or asymmetric load on a weakened bone might contribute to the high keel bone fracture prevalence found in commercial laying hens. The objective of this study was to investigate whether forces applied to the keel due to involuntary convulsions and uncontrolled wing flapping during euthanasia have the potential to cause keel bone fractures. Two hundred and seventy Dekalb White laying hens were euthanized at 30 weeks of age using cervical dislocation (n = 60) or CO2 (n = 210). All hens were radiographed immediately before and after euthanasia. Radiographs were compared side by side to detect new fractures. Four out of the 270 hens (1.5%) obtained a fracture during euthanasia. Specifically, 0.95% of hens euthanized with CO2 (2 out of 210) and 3.3% of hens euthanized through cervical dislocation (2 out of 60) obtained a euthanasia-induced fracture. All four hens with a euthanasia-induced fracture had signs of damage to the keel before euthanasia, indicating that pre-existing fractures could affect fracture susceptibility. Based on our results, we cannot rule out that convulsions during euthanasia can cause keel bone fractures in laying hens. In studies investigating keel bone integrity in birds euthanized with CO2 or cervical dislocation, fracture prevalence might be overestimated. Future research is needed to assess whether euthanasia might be more likely to cause keel bone fractures in older birds and to quantify the frequency and strength of convulsions as a potential cause of fractures.

Seasonal variation in the onset of acute calcific tendinitis of rotator cuff

Background Calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff is a disorder that causes acute onset of shoulder pain when spontaneous resorption of the calcification occurs. However, factors that trigger calcium resorption have not been clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the onset of calcium resorption in calcific tendinitis and the season of onset. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 195 patients (female, 116; male, 79; mean age, 62.6 ± 14.2 years; median age, 62 [52, 73] years) diagnosed with the postcalcification stage of calcific tendinitis, which was defined as acute calcific tendinitis in this study, between 2006 and 2018. The onset date of acute calcific tendinitis for each patient was collected from clinical notes. We evaluated the incidence of acute calcific tendinitis in each season and month. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between the incidence of acute calcific tendinitis and the mean monthly temperature or humidity levels for each year. Results The most common season of acute calcific tendinitis onset was summer (35.4%), followed by spring (24.6%), autumn (24.1%), and winter (15.9%) (P = 0.002). Monthly analyses showed the highest peak of onset was in July (15.4%) and the lowest peak was in February (3.1%) (P = 0.022). The incidence of acute calcific tendinitis had a weak association with mean monthly temperature (R2 = 0.066; P = 0.001) but was not associated with mean monthly humidity levels (R2 = 0.018; P = 0.099). Conclusions This study provides new information on seasonal variation of acute calcific tendinitis onset. The results of this study indicated that the onset of calcium resorption occurs most frequently in the summer in Japan; however, the reasons for seasonal variation remain unclear, and further studies will be needed. Level of evidence Level III.

Seasonal Variation in the Onset of Acute Calcific Tendinitis of Rotator Cuff

Background Calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff is a disorder that causes acute onset of shoulder pain when spontaneous resorption of the calcification occurs. However, factors that trigger calcium resorption have not been clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the onset of calcium resorption in calcific tendinitis and the season of onset.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 195 patients (female, 116; male, 79; mean age, 62.6 ± 14.2 years; median age, 62 [52, 73] years) diagnosed with the postcalcification stage of calcific tendinitis, which was defined as acute calcific tendinitis in this study, between 2006 and 2018. The onset date of acute calcific tendinitis for each patient was collected from clinical notes. We evaluated the incidence of acute calcific tendinitis in each season and month. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between the incidence of acute calcific tendinitis and the mean monthly temperature or humidity levels for each year.Results The most common season of acute calcific tendinitis onset was summer (35.4%), followed by spring (24.6%), autumn (24.1%), and winter (15.9%) (P = 0.002). Monthly analyses showed the highest peak of onset was in July (15.4%) and the lowest peak was in February (3.1%) (P = 0.022). The incidence of acute calcific tendinitis had a weak association with mean monthly temperature (R2 = 0.066; P = 0.001) but was not associated with mean monthly humidity levels (R2 = 0.018; P = 0.099).Conclusions This study provides new information on seasonal variation of acute calcific tendinitis onset. The results of this study indicated that the onset of calcium resorption occurs most frequently in the summer in Japan; however, the reasons for seasonal variation remain unclear, and further studies will be needed.

Curd paste for calcium metabolism correction

Calcium is one of critical elements influencing metabolic processes in the body. It is an essential ingredient of bone tissue. Once its amount in the blood is insufficient, bone calcium resorption occurs that leads to osteoporosis development. The goal of this publication is to demonstrate feasibility of introducing curd paste supplemented with additional source of calcium in the diet of population for improving antioxidant defense and strengthening bone tissue. This publication summarizes our previous research on developing calcium-enriched dairy products for osteoporosis prevention. It is supplemented with new data on significance of separate ingredients of curd paste, including whey protein antioxidant properties; ability of calcium and potassium salts as counterparts of strontium and cesium to reduce radionuclides absorption from gastrointestinal tract and others. Based on natural ingredients and targeted the mass consumer, Vitacalcin paste can provide a solid competition to domestic and foreign products. Formulations and technological process for curd paste Vitacalcin enriched with calcium from either eggshell powder or calcium alginate, and functional additives, such as nettle or garlic, has been developed. Products have been tested in animals and patients of Central Institute of Traumatology with primary form of osteoporosis. Bioavailability of calcium is more pronounced when consuming pastes with ESP and sulfur-containing additive. In animal model, bone mass increase has been observed after 28 days of curd paste consumption. Patients with pronounced osteoporosis consuming 200 g of curd paste daily for 30 days have demonstrated increased serum calcium level. It has been shown that the new product has a positive impact on bone tissue formation, and possesses antioxidant properties. As a result of the research, technical documentation for Vitacalcin curd paste is developed. The Institute of Nutrition recommends this product for osteoporosis prevention and correction of calcium balance.

Seasonal Variation in the Onset of Acute Calcific Tendinitis of Rotator Cuff

Background Calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff is a disorder that causes acute onset of shoulder pain when spontaneous resorption of the calcification occurs. However, factors that trigger calcium resorption have not been clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the onset of calcium resorption in calcific tendinitis and the season of onset. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 195 patients ( female, 116; male, 79; mean age, 62.6 ± 14.2 years; median age, 62 [52, 73] years) diagnosed with the postcalcification stage of calcific tendinitis, which was defined as acute calcific tendinitis in this study, between 2006 and 2018. The onset date of acute calcific tendinitis for each patient was collected from clinical notes. We evaluated the incidence of acute calcific tendinitis in each season and month. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between the incidence of acute calcific tendinitis and the mean monthly temperature or humidity levels for each year. Results The most common season of acute calcific tendinitis onset was summer (35.4%), followed by spring (24.6%), autumn (24.1%), and winter (15.9%) ( P = 0.002). Monthly analyses showed the highest peak of onset was in July (15.4%) and the lowest peak was in February (3.1%) ( P = 0.022). The incidence of acute calcific tendinitis had a weak association with mean monthly temperature (R 2 = 0.066; P = 0.001) but was not associated with mean monthly humidity levels (R 2 = 0.018; P = 0.099). Conclusions This study provides new information on seasonal variation of acute calcific tendinitis onset. The results of this study indicated that the onset of calcium resorption occurs most frequently in the summer in Japan; however, the reasons for seasonal variation remain unclear, and further studies will be needed.

Seasonal Variation in the Onset of Acute Calcific Tendinitis of Rotator Cuff

BackgroundCalcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff is a common disorder that causes acute onset of shoulder pain when spontaneous resorption of the calcification occurs.However, factors that triggercalcium resorption have not been clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the onset of calcium resorption in calcific tendinitis and the season of onset.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed200 patients (female, 120; male, 80; mean age, 62.8 ± 14.2 years) diagnosed with acute calcific tendinitis between 2006 and 2018. The onset date of acute calcific tendinitis for each patient was collected from clinical notes. The incidence of acute calcific tendinitis in each season and month and the correlation between the incidence of acute calcific tendinitis and the mean monthly temperature or humidity levels were evaluated.Results The most common season of acute calcific tendinitis onset was summer (35.5%), followed by spring (24.5%), autumn (24.0%), and winter (16.0%) (P = 0.002). Monthly analyses showed the highest peak of onset was in July (15.5%) and the lowest peak was in February (3.0%) (P = 0.018).The incidence of acute calcific tendinitis had a weak association with mean monthly temperature (R2 = 0.074; P = 0.001), but was not associated with mean monthly humidity levels (R2 = 0.024; P = 0.055).ConclusionsThis study provides new information on seasonal variation of acute calcific tendinitis onset. The results of this study indicated that the onset of calcium resorption occurs most frequently in the summer in Japan; however, the reasons for seasonal variation remain unclear, and further studies will be needed.

Parathyroid Hormone: A Uremic Toxin

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has an important role in the maintenance of serum calcium levels. It activates renal 1α-hydroxylase and increases the synthesis of the active form of vitamin D (1,25[OH]2D3). PTH promotes calcium release from the bone and enhances tubular calcium resorption through direct action on these sites. Hallmarks of secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) include increase in serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), reduction in renal 1,25[OH]2D3 production with a decline in its serum levels, decrease in intestinal calcium absorption, and, at later stages, hyperphosphatemia and high levels of PTH. In this paper, we aim to critically discuss severe CKD-related hyperparathyroidism, in which PTH, through calcium-dependent and -independent mechanisms, leads to harmful effects and manifestations of the uremic syndrome, such as bone loss, skin and soft tissue calcification, cardiomyopathy, immunodeficiency, impairment of erythropoiesis, increase of energy expenditure, and muscle weakness.