Contribution to the study of Fumaria capreolata L. (Papaveraceae), in the Wilaya of Constantine: phytochemical characterization and research of the anti-inflammatory activity

Fumaria capreolata L. ou Fumeterre fait partie de la famille des Papaveraceae, largement répondue dans le bassin méditerranéen, ses multitudes propriétés biologiques sont dues à sa richesse en substances bioactives. Lors de cette présente étude, notre intérêt s’est porté d’une part, sur l’étude phytochimique en utilisant des réactions de caractérisations qualitatives, ce qui nous a permis de mettre en évidence la présence des tanins, des flavonoïdes, des coumarines et des alcaloïdes et d’évaluer d’autres part l’activité anti-inflammatoire de l’extrait éthanolique obtenu à partir d’une macération de la partie aérienne dans l’éthanol 70°. L’éthanol est ensuite éliminé du filtrat par évaporation sous pression réduite par un rotavapeur L’extrait obtenu est lyophilisé dans un lyophilisateur. L’évaluation de l’activité anti-inflammatoire a été testée in vivo à l’aide du modèle de l’oedème plantaire induit chez les souris par la carragénine. L’administration de l’extrait éthanolique à la dose de 500 mg d’extrait /kg de poids corporel conduit à une réduction significative de la taille de l’oedème par rapport à celle obtenue par l’acide acétylsalicylique avec un taux de 61,28 % en comparant la moyenne de l’augmentation de l’inflammation avec celle du groupe témoin négatif traité par l’eau distillée.

Alkaloids Profiling of Fumaria capreolata by Analytical Platforms Based on the Hyphenation of Gas Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography with Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Two analytical platforms, gas chromatography (GC) coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and reversed-phase ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to diode array (DAD) and QTOF detection, were applied in order to study the alkaloid profile of Fumaria capreolata. The use of these mass analyzers enabled tentatively identifying the alkaloids by matching their accurate mass signals and suggested molecular formulae with those previously reported in libraries and databases. Moreover, the proposed structures were corroborated by studying their fragmentation pattern obtained by both platforms. In this way, 8 and 26 isoquinoline alkaloids were characterized using GC-QTOF-MS and RP-UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS, respectively, and they belonged to the following subclasses: protoberberine, protopine, aporphine, benzophenanthridine, spirobenzylisoquinoline, morphinandienone, and benzylisoquinoline. Moreover, the latter analytical method was selected to determine at 280 nm the concentration of protopine (9.6 ± 0.7 mg/g), a potential active compound of the extract. In conclusion, although GC-MS has been commonly used for the analysis of this type of phytochemicals, RP-UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS provided essential complementary information. This analytical method can be applied for the quality control of phytopharmaceuticals containing Fumaria extracts currently found in the market.

Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Total Alkaloid Extract fromFumaria capreolata

Fumaria capreolatais used in traditional medicine in North Africa for its gastrointestinal and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigates the effects of total alkaloids extracted from the aerial parts ofFumaria capreolata(AFC) on LPS-induced production of proinflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α, COX-2, and MIP-2) in RAW264.7 cells. AFC significantly reduced the inflammatory response inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting the viability of cells, and downregulated mRNA expression of proinflammatory key players: IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α, and COX-2. AFC antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties were also evaluated on the acetic acid- and formalin-induced pain models in mice. AFC oral administration significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced writhes and reduced formalin-induced paw licking time. Therefore, AFC may be a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as colitis and arthritis.

A revision of Fumariaceae (Fumarioideae) in southern Africa, including naturalized taxa

The native and naturalized species of Fumariaceae in southern Africa are reviewed, and keys and full descriptions are provided. All relevant regional synonyms are given and the indigenous species are illustrated. Three native genera with four species are recognized. The previously taxonomically unplaced genus Cysticapnos Mill. (3 spp.) is included with two other monotypic native South African genera, Discocapnos Cham. Schltdl. and Trigonocapnos Schltr., in an enlarged circum­scription of subtribe Discocapninae, which is morphologically defined by tendrilliferous leaves and mostly sessile racemes with the lowermost flower basal. Two subspecies are recognized in Cysticapnos vesicaria (E.Mey. ex Bemh.) Lidén, subsp. vesicaria with fewer, smaller flowers and subsp. namaquensis J.C.Manning Goldblatt for plants from Namaqualand with more numerous, often larger flowers. C. parviflora Lidén appears to be nothing more than a dwarf-fruited form of C. vesicaria, in which heterocarpy has long been known. C. pruinosa (E.Mey. ex Bemh.) Lidén is recorded for the first time to be a short-lived perennial and not an annual, thus unique in the tribe Fumarieae. Discocapnos mundii var. dregei Harv. from the southern Cape is treated as subsp. dregei (Harv.) J.C.Manning Goldblatt on account of its slightly smaller fruits and significant geographical disjunction from subsp. mundii. Three introduced species are included, Fumaria capreolata L., F. muralis Sond. ex W.D.Koch subsp. muralis and F. parviflora Lam. var. parviflora, although only the last two appear to be truly naturalized.