Effect of Water Quality on Benthic Macro Invertebrates in Dikhu River, Nagaland, India

Background: Water quality monitoring is vital for the sustainable conservation of water resources. Benthic macro invertebrates have been documented as the best indicators of water quality serving as a vital link in the aquatic food web. The present work was carried out at Dikhu River, Mokokchung, Nagaland. Methods: The analysis of water samples was done by adopting standard methods and compared against the W.H.O. 1995 drinking quality standards of water. The macroinvertebrates were collected with the help of the Surber and preserved in 5% formalin and examined using inverted microscope. Pearson’s correlation analysis were performed by IBM SPSS package 16.0. Result: All water parameters were within the permissible limit of drinking quality standards except for alkalinity. A total of 646 individual benthic macro invertebrates belonging to three taxa (Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca) were recorded during the study. The study depicts the present status of macrobenthic structure of Dikhu River of Nagaland and aims to lay the foundation for further effective work as future prospect.

Water Quality Sampling in Billy Barquedier National Park and Surrounding Areas, Belize, C.A.

Looking at the physical, microbial, and chemical makeup of water samples gives a good indication of the drinking quality, which is important as it’s a vital human need. Testing water from Billy Barquedier National Park and the Valley community in the Stann Creek District, Belize, CA. is important to tell whether contamination is taking place from the water source or in the pipe systems. Testing involved taking samples as well as testing in the field with the Pro DSS water quality meter. Lab testing used a colorimeter and autoclave to test the microbial and chemical makeup. It’s important to look to at the connection between the chemical and physical components compared to the microbial components to see connections between harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms.

Rapid, selective capture of toxic oxo-anions of Se(iv), Se(vi) and As(v) from water by an ionic metal–organic framework (iMOF)

Fast, selective capture of oxoanions of selenium [Se(iv), Se(vi)] and arsenic [As(v)] by a chemically stable cationic MOF, viz. iMOF-3C, is reported. The compound successfully yields drinking quality water from complicated matrix including river water.

The Quality of Stored Rainwater for Washing Purposes

The use of rainwater for washing clothes is determined by its amount, composition and quality of washing. Raw rainwater is soft and free of pollution. The collected rainwater already contains pollution present in the atmosphere and washed away from roofs and other surfaces. It can also change its quality when stored in tanks. Washing clothes does not require drinking quality water but just clean, safe water that guarantees effective removal of dirt from fabrics. The study determined the physicochemical and microbiological changes of rainwater characteristics during retention. Rainwater was collected in a standard underground tank for 30 days and water analyses were conducted every 10 days. The possibility of tap water replacement in the household with collected rainwater for ecological clothes washing has been assessed.

DRINKING QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS UNDERGROUND WATER IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN.

Проведена гигиеническая оценка питьевых подземных вод, используемых для питьевого водоснабжения населением равнинной и горной частей Республики Дагестана. Питьевые воды горных районов в целом соответствуют гигиеническим требованиям. В районах низменной части республики (Северный Дагестан) выявлено содержание мышьяка в источ-никах питьевого водоснабжения выше допустимого норматива ВОЗ до 50 раз. Использование региональных факторов водопотребления позволило рассчитать индивидуальный и популяционный канцерогенные риски для населения при длительном использовании подземных вод для питьевого водоснабжения. Показано, что индивидуальный канцерогенный риск составил при минимальной концентрации (0,01мг/л) – 4,3E-4; при максимальной концентра-ции (0,5мг/л) – 2,1E-2, соответственно, при среднем значении 0,14 мг/ л – 6,0E-3. Выявленные уровни пожизненных индивидуальных канцерогенных рисков (в течение 70 лет) превы-шают «допустимый» (целевой) уровень (10-5) и оцениваются как неприемлемые для сохра-нения здоровья населения. Для экспонированного населения исследованных районов Северного Дагестана (309,7 тыс. чел) величины популяционных годовых канцерогенных рисков, отражающих дополнительное (к фоновому) число случаев злокачественных новообразований, способных возникнуть в течение года, составили от 1 до 95 случаев. езультаты данного исследования позволили выявить территории с высоким уровнем содержания мышьяка в питьевой воде и определить экспонируемую часть населения для осуществления мер по снижению риска.

Application of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration techniques at municipal drinking water facilities

Main disadvantages of state of the art membrane techniques are discussed with respect to the problem of concentrate disposal. Possible ways to improve conventional membrane techniques and to radically decrease the number of effluents discharged are proposed. Application of newly developed “open channel” membrane modules that do not contain “dead” areas enables us to develop and implement into practice new techniques to reduce and even utilize concentrates of membrane units. Experiments demonstrated a possibility to reduce concentrate flow due to deposition of excessive calcium as calcium carbonate on seed crystals in the reactor. Flow diagrams for different cases of natural water composition are described and discussed that demonstrate newly developed techniques to produce drinking quality water using reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane facilities with high recoveries.

Technology of receiving fresh water from forcedly saturated air through the use of solar energy

At present, as a result of climate change and man-caused impact on the environment, fresh drinking quality water deficit is observed in many regions of the world. The sufficiency of fresh water provides high quality of living, the stabilization of the internal and foreign political situation, especially in developing countries. A lot of fresh drinking quality water production technologies are known today. Most of them consume a significant amount of energy and pose a considerable danger to the environment. As a source of energy, as a rule, hydrocarbon raw material is used, which is an exhaustible resource. The authors developed a technology for obtaining fresh water of drinking quality from atmospheric air using the solar energy. The article provides a substantiation of the way of fresh water production from air and also describes the energy balance in its implementation.